Transformational Leadership, Organizational Commitment, OCB, and Performance Among Leprosy Control Managers: A SmartPLS Study

Rayati, Usman Rianse, Rahmat Madjid, Amiruddin Eso

Abstract

This study examined the effects of transformational leadership and organizational commitment on the performance of leprosy program managers and tested Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a mediating mechanism. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among 174 civil servants responsible for leprosy control programs across 17 district and city health offices in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Respondents were selected using proportionate simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4 with 5,000 bootstrap subsamples. Transformational leadership had significant positive effects on employee performance (β = 0.236, p < 0.001) and OCB (β = 0.395, p < 0.001). Organizational commitment significantly predicted OCB (β = 0.537, p < 0.001) but had no significant direct effect on performance (β = 0.066, p = 0.206). OCB strongly predicted employee performance (β = 0.678, p < 0.001). The indirect effects confirmed that OCB partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and performance (β = 0.268, p < 0.001) and fully mediated the relationship between organizational commitment and performance (β = 0.364, p < 0.001). These findings identify OCB as a key behavioral mechanism through which transformational leadership and organizational commitment enhance the performance of leprosy program managers. The study provides practical implications for strengthening leadership practices, employee involvement, and extra-role behavior in public health organizations.

 

Keywords: Transformational leadership; organizational commitment; organizational citizenship behavior; employee performance; leprosy control; public health management; PLS-SEM.

 

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.7.7


Full Text:

PDF


References


World Health Organization. (2021). Towards zero leprosy: Global leprosy (Hansen’s disease) strategy 2021–2030. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia.

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2024). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

House, R. J., & Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Journal of Contemporary Business, 3(4), 81–97.

Bass, B. M. (2000). The future of leadership in learning organizations. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 7(3), 18–40. doi:10.1177/107179190000700302.

Burns, J. M. (2012). Leadership. Open Road Integrated Media.

Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66(1), 32–40. doi:10.1086/222820.

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.

Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books.

Qalati, S. A., Zafar, Z., Fan, M., Sánchez Limón, M. L., & Khaskheli, M. B. (2022). Employee performance under transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A mediated model. Heliyon, 8(11), e11374. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11374.

Grego-Planer, D. (2019). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors in the public and private sectors. Sustainability, 11(22), 6395. doi:10.3390/su11226395.

Çetin, Ş., Gürbüz, S., & Sert, M. (2015). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: Test of potential moderator variables. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 27(4), 281–303. doi:10.1007/s10672-015-9266-5.

Zayas-Ortiz, M., Rosario, E., Marquez, E., & Colón Gruñeiro, P. (2015). Relationship between organizational commitments and organizational citizenship behaviour in a sample of private banking employees. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 35(1/2), 91–106. doi:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2014-0010.

Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Psychology Press. doi:10.4324/9781410617095.

Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66–85. doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0088.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112–121.

Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Atwater, L. E., & Spangler, W. D. (2004). Transformational leadership and team performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 177–193. doi:10.1108/09534810410530601.

Gilmore, P. L., Hu, X., Wei, F., Tetrick, L. E., & Zaccaro, S. J. (2013). Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership’s influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(8), 1061–1075. doi:10.1002/job.1833.

Soekidjan. (2020). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Bumi Aksara.

Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Vohra, N. (2018). Organizational behavior (16th ed.). Pearson.

Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice (13th ed.). Kogan Page.

Mowday, R. T. (1998). Reflections on the study and relevance of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 8(4), 387–401. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00006-6.

Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior: Recent trends and developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 295–306. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536.

Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research. Human Performance, 10(2), 133–151. doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1002_5.

Spitzmuller, M., Van Dyne, L., & Ilies, R. (2008). Organizational citizenship behavior: A review and extension of its nomological network. In J. Barling & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of organizational behavior: Volume I—Micro approaches (pp. 106–123). SAGE Publications.

Bernardin, H. J., & Russell, J. E. A. (2013). Human resource management: An experiential approach (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Wood, J., Zeffane, R., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Creed, A., Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (2021). Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley & Sons.

Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., Donnelly, J. H., Jr., & Konopaske, R. (2022). Organizations: Behavior, structure, processes. McGraw-Hill.

Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H., Valentine, S. R., & Meglich, P. A. (2017). Human resource management (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Kurniawan. (2020). Manajemen kinerja. Rajawali Pers.

Moeheriono. (2020). Pengukuran kinerja berbasis kompetensi. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2022). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Martoyo, S. (2019). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. BPFE.

Simamora, H. (2022). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. STIE YKPN.

Fahmi, I. (2020). Manajemen kinerja: Teori dan aplikasi. Alfabeta.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press.

Thompson, G., Buch, R., Thompson, P. M. M., & Glasø, L. (2021). The impact of transformational leadership and interactional justice on follower performance and organizational commitment in a business context. Journal of General Management, 46(4), 274–283. doi:10.1177/0306307020984579.

Murphy, W. H., & Anderson, R. E. (2020). Transformational leadership effects on salespeople’s attitudes, striving, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 110, 237–245. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.023.

Eliyana, A., Ma’arif, S., & Muzakki. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. doi:10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001.

Rita, M., Randa Payangan, O., Rante, Y., Tuhumena, R., & Erari, A. (2018). Moderating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the effect of organizational commitment, transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(4), 953–964. doi:10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0026.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.

Istiqomah, S., & Riani, A. L. (2021). Linking transformational leadership to OCB in the hospitality industry: The mediating influence of affective commitment and work engagement. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 12(1), 53–67. doi:10.15294/jdm.v12i1.27091.

Subhaktiyasa, P. G., Andriana, K. R. F., Sintari, S. N. N., Wati, W. S., Sumaryani, N. P., & Lede, Y. U. (2023). Effect of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen, 19(1), 224–238. doi:10.33830/jom.v19i1.3695.2023.

Koo, B., & Lee, E.-S. (2022). The taming of Machiavellians: Differentiated transformational leadership effects on Machiavellians’ organizational commitment and citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 178(1), 153–170. doi:10.1007/s10551-021-04788-2.

Manoppo, V. P. (2020). Transformational leadership as a factor that decreases turnover intention: A mediation of work stress and organizational citizenship behavior. The TQM Journal, 32(6), 1395–1412. doi:10.1108/TQM-05-2020-0097.

Tian, H., Iqbal, S., Akhtar, S., Qalati, S. A., Anwar, F., & Khan, M. A. S. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on employee retention: Mediation and moderation through organizational citizenship behavior and communication. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 314. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00314.

Novianti, K. R. (2021). Does organizational commitment matter? Linking transformational leadership with organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 19(2), 335–345. doi:10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.02.09.

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. John Wiley & Sons.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.