Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences

This study leverages the NVIDIA platform, a hardware with constrained computational resources, to evaluate the real-time performance of various small language models as local assistants, functioning without Internet access. The research employed a novel four-phase methodology, beginning with the selection of small language models for evaluation, followed by the design of a reproducible test protocol for future studies. This protocol incorporates both quantitative and qualitative assessment criteria, including latency, power consumption, memory usage, accuracy, creativity, narrative coherence, structural adherence, and Spanish performance. In the third phase, the selected models were locally embedded and executed on the hardware to compare their respective performances. Finally, the suitability of each model for real-time applications was analyzed, leading to the development of a comprehensive test protocol. The findings indicate that, of the nine models evaluated, Qwen2.5 with 3 billion parameters emerges as the optimal choice when resources allow, while Qwen2.5 with 0.5 billion parameters provides a viable alternative for scenarios with severe resource limitations.

Keywords: large language models, tiny LLM, Nvidia jetson Xavier hardware, Qwen2.5 model, Phi3.5 model, Smollm2 model, Mistral model.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.4.2

This study offers a comparative analysis of online gambling crimes through the lens of Islamic criminal jurisprudence. Employing a qualitative research methodology with a literature review, it examines the legal frameworks that regulate online gambling in both secular and Islamic legal contexts. The research highlights the key similarities and differences in how these two systems address gambling as a criminal offense, focusing on definitions, sanctions, and preventive measures. From a criminal law perspective, online gambling is typically treated as an economic crime, with penalties designed to serve as deterrents. In contrast, Islamic criminal jurisprudence views gambling as a major sin (haram), with punishments intended to preserve moral and spiritual values. The findings indicate that while both legal systems share the objective of curbing gambling activities, they diverge significantly in their foundational principles and enforcement approaches. Secular criminal law prioritizes societal order and economic stability, while Islamic criminal law focuses on safeguarding religious and ethical values. This study concludes that integrating these two perspectives could offer a more comprehensive approach to combating online gambling crimes, particularly in predominantly Muslim societies. Future research should explore practical strategies for reconciling these legal frameworks to improve their effectiveness in addressing this growing issue.

Keywords: online gambling, criminal law, comparative analysis, qualitative study.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.4.1

The unprecedented pace of technological advancement and intensification of globalization in the 21st century have fundamentally reshaped the demands placed on education systems worldwide. Addressing these evolving challenges requires a paradigm shift towards the cultivation of integrated competencies essential for navigating complex, technology-driven environments.
This study critically examined the synergistic integration of digital literacy, critical thinking, and collaborative learning as a strategic response to these demands. Distinct from prior research that has predominantly treated these competencies in isolation, this study introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework that explores their interdependencies and collective influence on educational outcomes. Using a quantitative survey design, data were gathered from 450 high school and university students in urban regions in technology-rich educational settings. Structured questionnaires were used to assess students' proficiency in digital literacy, critical thinking, and collaborative learning, with subsequent data analysis conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression methods. The findings reveal that, although the majority of students demonstrate high digital literacy (72%) and engagement in collaborative practices (70%), critical thinking proficiency remains comparatively underdeveloped (58%), with weak correlations observed among the three competencies. These results underscore the urgent need for integrated pedagogical models that can move beyond fragmented skill development. This study identifies key barriers, including limited evaluative reasoning, group coordination challenges, and critical analysis deficiencies, that inhibit effective competency integration. By proposing an innovative framework for embedding digital literacy, critical thinking, and collaborative learning into unified educational practices, this study contributes to the advancement of educational theory and practice. Policy and curriculum recommendations include the adoption of project-based learning methodologies, the incorporation of digital verification exercises, and targeted professional development initiatives for educators to foster a holistic skill set vital for future academic and professional success.

Keywords: Digital Literacy, Critical Thinking, Collaborative Learning, 21st-Century Education, Technology Integration.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.3.9

This study investigates the interconnections between sustainability reporting, corporate governance, and financial performance, with a specific focus on the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on investment decisions. The primary aim is to assess how ESG disclosures affect corporate reputation, risk management, and long-term profitability and to examine the mediating role of corporate governance in the relationship between sustainability reporting and financial outcomes. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the major challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of ESG factors into investment strategies across different industries and regions. A qualitative methodology based on a systematic literature review is employed to explore how companies that actively disclose sustainability information and demonstrate strong governance practices perform financially.
The findings indicate that ESG criteria are becoming increasingly relevant in investment decision making, with investors prioritizing sustainability and social responsibility. Furthermore, the results suggest that firms with robust corporate governance are better positioned to manage ESG risks and seize emerging opportunities, thus contributing to improved financial outcomes. However, persistent challenges such as inconsistent reporting standards and a lack of harmonized regulatory frameworks have also been identified. This study emphasizes the need for further empirical research to better understand the broader implications of ESG integration, aiming to inform companies, investors, and policymakers seeking to enhance corporate sustainability and financial performance within a dynamic global market.

Keywords: Sustainability reporting, Corporate governance, Financial performance, ESG factors, Investment decisions.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.3.8

Pediculosis, an infestation caused by head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), is a common parasitic condition affecting the human scalp. Although synthetic chemical agents such as lindane, pyrethrin, permethrin, and malathion are widely employed to prevent and treat head lice infestations, their continuous use has led to the development of drug resistance. Consequently, the exploration of natural substances with insecticidal properties, known as pediculosides, has become increasingly necessary. This study investigates the pediculosidal activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts derived from duku bark (Lansium domesticum) against lice at different developmental stages—eggs, nymphs, and adults—at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results demonstrated that the mean number of inactive (non-viable) eggs was 6.72 at 10% concentration, 18.22 at 15%, and 17.06 at 20%, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.002. In contrast, mortality among nymphs averaged 10.06 individuals at 10%, 15.56 at 15%, and 16.39 at 20%, without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.169). For adult lice, the mean mortality was 7.83 at 10%, 13.22 at 15%, and 20.94 at 20%, yielding a highly significant p-value of 0.001.

Keywords: Pediculosis, Pediculus humanus capitis, Duku Bark Extract, Natural Pediculosides, Head Lice Control, Plant-Based Insecticides.

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.52.3.7