Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences

Maritime transportation faces increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the continuity and resilience of logistics operations amid environmental, geopolitical, and supply chain disruptions. This study examines green port management strategies for decarbonizing maritime transportation and strengthening maritime logistics resilience. A qualitative literature-based research approach was employed through the review of relevant academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, policy documents, and other credible scientific sources. The collected literature was analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify recurring themes, strategic measures, relationships, and theoretical insights related to green port management, maritime decarbonization, and logistics resilience. The findings indicate that renewable energy integration, port electrification, alternative low- and zero-carbon fuels, energy-efficiency measures, digitalization, green infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and stakeholder collaboration can contribute to reducing maritime emissions while strengthening operational continuity and adaptive capacity. The study develops an integrated framework that conceptualizes green port management as a strategic link between maritime decarbonization and logistics resilience. The framework integrates technological, operational, organizational, governance, and environmental dimensions and demonstrates that effective green port transformation requires coordinated rather than isolated interventions. Overall, the findings suggest that green port management can support both long-term emission reduction and the development of more adaptive and resilient maritime logistics systems.

Keywords: green port management; maritime decarbonization; maritime logistics resilience; port electrification; sustainable maritime transportation; green ports.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.8

Maritime transportation faces increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the continuity and resilience of logistics operations amid environmental, geopolitical, and supply chain disruptions. This study examines green port management strategies for decarbonizing maritime transportation and strengthening maritime logistics resilience. A qualitative literature-based research approach was employed through the review of relevant academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, policy documents, and other credible scientific sources. The collected literature was analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify recurring themes, strategic measures, relationships, and theoretical insights related to green port management, maritime decarbonization, and logistics resilience. The findings indicate that renewable energy integration, port electrification, alternative low- and zero-carbon fuels, energy-efficiency measures, digitalization, green infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and stakeholder collaboration can contribute to reducing maritime emissions while strengthening operational continuity and adaptive capacity. The study develops an integrated framework that conceptualizes green port management as a strategic link between maritime decarbonization and logistics resilience. The framework integrates technological, operational, organizational, governance, and environmental dimensions and demonstrates that effective green port transformation requires coordinated rather than isolated interventions. Overall, the findings suggest that green port management can support both long-term emission reduction and the development of more adaptive and resilient maritime logistics systems.

Keywords: green port management; maritime decarbonization; maritime logistics resilience; port electrification; sustainable maritime transportation; green ports.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.8

This systematic review examines the contribution of clusters to knowledge production, dissemination, and innovation. It synthesizes research from economics, management, and geography to identify the mechanisms through which clusters facilitate knowledge creation and support innovative activity. In a globalized economic context, clusters generate agglomeration advantages by facilitating knowledge flows, infrastructure sharing, the development of specialized labor markets, and collaboration among firms, universities, research institutions, and public organizations. The review specifically investigates the main organizational, spatial, and institutional factors that influence knowledge production within clusters and the conditions that determine the effectiveness of these processes.
The study follows a systematic review approach and analyzes publications from the period 2013–2025. Relevant studies were identified and selected according to predefined eligibility criteria and subsequently examined through bibliometric and qualitative thematic analysis. The findings indicate that clusters support innovation by facilitating the creation, exchange, recombination, and application of knowledge. Their effectiveness depends particularly on the quality of inter-organizational networks, geographical and relational proximity, absorptive capacity, stakeholder collaboration, and institutional support. The results also demonstrate the complementarity between knowledge production and knowledge dissemination within cluster ecosystems. Overall, clusters play an important role in regional knowledge creation and innovation, although their performance varies according to organizational, institutional, and territorial conditions. These findings provide a basis for strengthening cluster-based innovation policies and identifying future research directions in knowledge production and regional development.

Keywords: clusters; knowledge production; knowledge dissemination; innovation; regional development; knowledge networks.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.7

Microplastic (MP) contamination associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills represents an emerging environmental and public health concern, particularly for communities residing near landfill facilities. This cross-sectional study integrated epidemiological data from 100 residents living near TPA Putri Cempo, Surakarta, Indonesia, with confocal Raman spectroscopic characterization to examine spatial patterns of urinary microplastic exposure and the composition of landfill-associated microplastic fractions. Microplastic levels were quantified in first-morning urine samples using stereo microscopy and analyzed in relation to age, sex, body weight, height, educational attainment, physical activity, and residential distance from the landfill. Two-tailed Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Residential distance showed a strong inverse correlation with urinary microplastic levels (r = −0.778, p < 0.001), whereas none of the measured individual-level covariates showed statistically significant associations with the outcome. In the log-linear model, residential distance remained the only statistically significant predictor (B = −0.0013, p < 0.001), and the model explained 86.3% of the variance in ln(MP) (R² = 0.863, adjusted R² = 0.853; F(7, 92) = 82.9, p < 0.001). Raman analysis of the extracted microplastic fractions identified aliphatic C–H stretching features at approximately 2848–2850 and 2883–2930 cm⁻¹ that were most consistent with polyethylene (PE), while polypropylene remained a plausible secondary assignment. Carbonaceous, iron-oxide-related, and silicate spectral features were also observed. Because Raman acquisition parameters varied among measurement points, raw signal intensities were interpreted descriptively rather than as measures of relative polymer concentration. The findings demonstrate a strong spatial association between residential distance and urinary microplastic levels, consistent with a spatial exposure gradient, without establishing a direct causal pathway from the landfill. The results support further investigation of spatial exposure pathways and microplastic management in landfill-adjacent communities.

Keywords: microplastics; landfill leachate; Raman spectroscopy; spatial exposure gradient; polyethylene; multiple linear regression; environmental epidemiology.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.6

Barnacle colonization is widespread in mangrove habitats, but its spatial variability and relationship with restoration performance remain poorly understood in arid coastal environments. This study quantified barnacle colonization across the upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones of a restored Avicennia marina plantation on Abu Ali Island, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, and examined its spatial association with plant growth performance and natural regeneration. Colonization prevalence was consistently high (94–100%), whereas abundance increased from 27 ± 9 to 124 ± 29 individuals plant⁻¹, and surface-area-standardized density increased approximately 6.5-fold from the upper to the lower zone (0.075–0.485 individuals cm⁻²). Estimated biomass burden showed a similar increase, from 0.037 to 0.243 g cm⁻². Despite the pronounced seaward increase in barnacle burden, three-year-old plants maintained 100% survival, with no significant differences in vegetative growth among zones. Propagules and natural regeneration were observed in the upper and middle zones but were absent from the lower zone, where barnacle burden was highest. Extensive colonization of one-year-old plants at an additional afforestation site further indicated site-level variation in barnacle pressure on Abu Ali Island. Because intertidal position and associated environmental conditions were not experimentally controlled, these patterns should be interpreted as spatial associations rather than direct effects of barnacle colonization. By integrating surface-area-standardized barnacle density and estimated biomass burden with vegetative, reproductive, and recruitment indicators across an intertidal gradient, this study extends biofouling assessment beyond occurrence-based observations and seedling survival. The approach provides a quantitative basis for characterizing spatial variation in barnacle colonization intensity and assessing its ecological relevance to A. marinarestoration under Arabian Gulf conditions.

Keywords: Avicennia marina; barnacle biofouling; intertidal gradient; mangrove restoration; natural regeneration; Arabian Gulf.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.5