Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences

Employee performance is essential for organizational sustainability, particularly in Indonesia's highly competitive non-bank financial services industry. Although transformational leadership has been widely examined as an antecedent of employee performance, few studies have simultaneously considered motivational, psychological, and organizational mechanisms within a single framework, particularly in emerging market contexts. This study investigates the relationships among transformational leadership, work engagement, employee well-being, organizational culture, and employee performance. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 203 employees from two Indonesian non-bank financial institutions. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that transformational leadership is positively associated with employee performance both directly (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and indirectly through work engagement (β = 0.207, p < 0.001) and employee well-being (β = 0.143, p = 0.006). Organizational culture positively moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance (β = 0.17, p = 0.012), indicating that a supportive organizational culture strengthens the positive effect of transformational leadership on employee performance. These findings provide empirical support for an integrated framework that combines transformational leadership, psychological mechanisms, and organizational context in explaining employee performance in Indonesia's non-bank financial services industry. The study contributes to the leadership and organizational behavior literature and offers practical implications for leadership development, employee engagement, well-being initiatives, and organizational culture management.

Keywords: Transformational leadership; Work engagement; Employee well-being; Organizational culture; Employee performance; Non-bank financial services; Indonesia.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.7.12

Bacteriophage-based inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis offers a potential alternative for managing tuberculosis. In vitro testing generally utilizes Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate model. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages from wastewater capable of lysing M. smegmatis ATCC 14468, and to determine the optimal lytic activity from the combination of bacteriophage type and Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) doses. This research employed a 3x3 factorial randomized block design incorporating bacteriophage type and the MOI levels (0.01, 0.1, and 1) as independent variations. The dependent variable, lytic activity (PhageScore), was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with 95% significance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for post-hoc analysis. Three types of bacteriophages, namely Kc, Cm, and Mt, were successfully isolated from wastewater. These three bacteriophages shared similar characteristics: they were specific to M. smegmatis ATCC 14468, unable to infect host cells during the non-logarithmic (lag) phase and were only stable at pH 7. The stability of bacteriophage Mt could reach a temperature of 45°C, while bacteriophages Kc and Cm were stable at 37°C. The highest lytic activity was exhibited by bacteriophage Cm at a Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) of 1, yielding a PhageScore of 0.6920.

Keywords: Lytic Activity; Mycobacteriophage; Multiplicity of Infection; PhageScore; Phage Therapy; Tuberculosis; Wastewater.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.7.11

The increasing use of digital technology has created growing challenges related to students’ digital ethics, including misinformation, hate speech, cyberbullying, and irresponsible online participation. This study examined how a Kampung Pancasila-based democratic citizenship education model contributed to the development of digital ethics among senior high school students. An action research design was implemented through two iterative cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection in three senior high schools representing urban, semi-urban, and rural contexts in Central Java, Indonesia. The study involved 120 students, with the participation of Citizenship Education teachers, school principals, and members of Kampung Pancasila communities. Data were collected through digital ethics assessments, observations, interviews, focus group discussions, field notes, and reflective records. The findings showed that the mean digital ethics score increased from 64.28 in Cycle 1 to 83.47 in Cycle 2, representing an increase of 19.19 points. The proportion of students meeting the Minimum Mastery Criterion (MMC) of 70 increased from 68.3% to 87.5%, exceeding the predetermined success criterion of 85%. A paired-samples t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement, t(119) = 18.72, p < .001, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.71). The normalized gain (N-gain) score of 0.54 indicated a moderate improvement. The qualitative findings further demonstrated increased student participation, more responsible digital communication, critical evaluation of online information, digital empathy, and ethical online engagement. This study contributes to Citizenship Education and digital citizenship research by integrating Pancasila values, community-based democratic learning, digital ethics, and iterative action research across diverse school contexts. The findings suggest that the Kampung Pancasila-based democratic citizenship education model was associated with improvements in students’ digital ethics within the action research context; however, the absence of a control group limits causal interpretation.

Keywords: digital citizenship; digital ethics; Citizenship Education; Kampung Pancasila; democratic citizenship education; action research; Pancasila values.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.7.10

Fishermen in Buleleng Regency continue to face constraints in improving their productivity and welfare. These constraints arise from the suboptimal utilization of production factors, the ineffective functioning of fishermen’s institutions, and insufficient government support, including limited attention to local fishermen’s organizations. This study aims to analyze the determinants of fishermen’s productivity and welfare in Buleleng Regency by examining local institutions rooted in fishermen’s traditional wisdom. The direct, indirect, moderating, and mediating effects were tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on 171 questionnaires collected through the pick-up survey method. The results indicate that fishermen’s institutions are the main determinant of productivity, whereas the role of government is the main determinant of fishermen’s welfare. Technology does not significantly moderate the relationship between human resource quality and fishermen’s productivity, while the role of government does not significantly moderate the relationship between fishermen’s institutions and productivity. Productivity mediates the relationships between the study variables and fishermen’s welfare. Furthermore, local institutions such as sekee and Fisheries Business Groups (KUB) that apply the sekee mechanism can optimize production factors and promote a more equitable distribution of income, thereby improving fishermen’s welfare. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening local institutions and increasing productivity to achieve sustainable fishermen’s welfare within the framework of the blue economy.

Keywords: fishermen’s productivity; fishermen’s welfare; fishermen’s institutions; sekee; Fisheries Business Groups (KUB); blue economy.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.7.9

Village Fund accountability has become a critical issue in decentralized public financial management, particularly in ensuring the transparent, efficient, and responsible use of public resources. Although previous studies have emphasized the importance of governance quality and digital financial systems, limited attention has been paid to the institutional mechanisms through which these factors jointly strengthen accountability. This study examines the direct effects of good governance and financial digitalization on Village Fund accountability and investigates the mediating role of community-based monitoring within the frameworks of Public Accountability Theory and Digital Governance Theory. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 respondents, including village government officials, Village Consultative Body (BPD) members, community leaders, and local supervisors directly involved in Village Fund management. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The findings reveal that good governance and financial digitalization have significant positive effects on both Village Fund accountability and community-based monitoring. Furthermore, community-based monitoring significantly enhances Village Fund accountability and partially mediates the relationships between good governance, financial digitalization, and accountability. These findings demonstrate that governance reforms and digital financial systems improve accountability not only through institutional and technological improvements but also by strengthening community participation in public oversight. The study extends Public Accountability Theory by demonstrating that accountability results from the interaction among institutional governance, digital financial capabilities, and community-based oversight rather than from governance quality alone. The findings offer practical implications for policymakers by highlighting the importance of integrating governance reform, digital financial transformation, and participatory monitoring to achieve sustainable Village Fund accountability in decentralized public administration.

Keywords: good governance; financial digitalization; community-based monitoring; Village Fund accountability; Public Accountability Theory; PLS-SEM.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.7.8