Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences

This study examines the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Moroccan secondary education, with particular emphasis on teachers’ current experiences, perceived benefits, implementation barriers, and expectations regarding AI-supported teaching practices. A descriptive quantitative design was employed using an online questionnaire administered to 156 middle- and high-school teachers in Morocco through non-probability convenience sampling. The questionnaire investigated teachers’ use of digital technologies, exposure to AI-based tools, perceived obstacles to AI adoption, and expected educational benefits. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and distributions.
The findings indicate that AI adoption among the participating teachers remains at an early stage, although many respondents have already experimented with AI-supported applications for content generation, translation, communication, and instructional support. The most frequently reported barrier was insufficient training (33.12%), followed by inadequate technological infrastructure (23.00%) and the high cost of AI technologies (18.42%). Participants also identified several potential benefits of AI integration, particularly reduced lesson-preparation time, improved student engagement, enhanced educational content, support for student assessment, and differentiated instruction. Concerns regarding data privacy, ethical use, and equitable access were also reported.
Overall, the findings suggest that the responsible integration of AI into Moroccan secondary education will require sustained professional development, stronger technological infrastructure, appropriate ethical and governance frameworks, and equitable access to digital resources. Given the descriptive design and non-probability sample, the results should be interpreted as evidence of patterns and perceptions among the participating teachers rather than as statistically generalizable conclusions about all Moroccan secondary-school teachers.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; secondary education; teacher perceptions; AI adoption; digital pedagogy; Morocco.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.10

This study investigates the relationship between digital intelligence and stealth marketing in vocational schools in Baghdad, Iraq. Digital intelligence is conceptualized through four dimensions: digital identity, digital usage, digital security, and digital safety. Stealth marketing is operationalized through viral marketing, brand promoters, and celebrity marketing. In the context of vocational education, stealth marketing refers to indirect promotional practices in which the persuasive or commercial intent is not immediately or explicitly recognized by the target audience, including organically shared school-related content, informal endorsements by promoters, and apparently spontaneous celebrity mentions.
A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 120 school administrators using a 35-item questionnaire, supported by interviews and field observations. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS v26, while observed-variable path relationships were examined using AMOS v24. The results revealed a statistically significant positive predictive relationship between digital intelligence and stealth marketing (β = 0.527, R² = 0.277, p < 0.001). The strength and statistical significance of the relationships varied across the four dimensions of digital intelligence and the three dimensions of stealth marketing. Digital identity showed particularly relevant associations with selected stealth-marketing dimensions, although the contribution of individual digital-intelligence dimensions was not uniform across all outcomes. Overall, the findings provide contextual evidence that stronger digital capabilities are associated with greater use of indirect marketing practices in Iraqi vocational education. Given the cross-sectional and self-reported nature of the data, the results should be interpreted as predictive associations rather than evidence of causal effects.

Keywords: digital intelligence; stealth marketing; viral marketing; brand promoters; celebrity marketing; vocational education.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.9

Maritime transportation faces increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the continuity and resilience of logistics operations amid environmental, geopolitical, and supply chain disruptions. This study examines green port management strategies for decarbonizing maritime transportation and strengthening maritime logistics resilience. A qualitative literature-based research approach was employed through the review of relevant academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, policy documents, and other credible scientific sources. The collected literature was analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify recurring themes, strategic measures, relationships, and theoretical insights related to green port management, maritime decarbonization, and logistics resilience. The findings indicate that renewable energy integration, port electrification, alternative low- and zero-carbon fuels, energy-efficiency measures, digitalization, green infrastructure, environmental monitoring, and stakeholder collaboration can contribute to reducing maritime emissions while strengthening operational continuity and adaptive capacity. The study develops an integrated framework that conceptualizes green port management as a strategic link between maritime decarbonization and logistics resilience. The framework integrates technological, operational, organizational, governance, and environmental dimensions and demonstrates that effective green port transformation requires coordinated rather than isolated interventions. Overall, the findings suggest that green port management can support both long-term emission reduction and the development of more adaptive and resilient maritime logistics systems.

Keywords: green port management; maritime decarbonization; maritime logistics resilience; port electrification; sustainable maritime transportation; green ports.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.8

This systematic review examines the contribution of clusters to knowledge production, dissemination, and innovation. It synthesizes research from economics, management, and geography to identify the mechanisms through which clusters facilitate knowledge creation and support innovative activity. In a globalized economic context, clusters generate agglomeration advantages by facilitating knowledge flows, infrastructure sharing, the development of specialized labor markets, and collaboration among firms, universities, research institutions, and public organizations. The review specifically investigates the main organizational, spatial, and institutional factors that influence knowledge production within clusters and the conditions that determine the effectiveness of these processes.
The study follows a systematic review approach and analyzes publications from the period 2013–2025. Relevant studies were identified and selected according to predefined eligibility criteria and subsequently examined through bibliometric and qualitative thematic analysis. The findings indicate that clusters support innovation by facilitating the creation, exchange, recombination, and application of knowledge. Their effectiveness depends particularly on the quality of inter-organizational networks, geographical and relational proximity, absorptive capacity, stakeholder collaboration, and institutional support. The results also demonstrate the complementarity between knowledge production and knowledge dissemination within cluster ecosystems. Overall, clusters play an important role in regional knowledge creation and innovation, although their performance varies according to organizational, institutional, and territorial conditions. These findings provide a basis for strengthening cluster-based innovation policies and identifying future research directions in knowledge production and regional development.

Keywords: clusters; knowledge production; knowledge dissemination; innovation; regional development; knowledge networks.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.7

Microplastic (MP) contamination associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills represents an emerging environmental and public health concern, particularly for communities residing near landfill facilities. This cross-sectional study integrated epidemiological data from 100 residents living near TPA Putri Cempo, Surakarta, Indonesia, with confocal Raman spectroscopic characterization to examine spatial patterns of urinary microplastic exposure and the composition of landfill-associated microplastic fractions. Microplastic levels were quantified in first-morning urine samples using stereo microscopy and analyzed in relation to age, sex, body weight, height, educational attainment, physical activity, and residential distance from the landfill. Two-tailed Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Residential distance showed a strong inverse correlation with urinary microplastic levels (r = −0.778, p < 0.001), whereas none of the measured individual-level covariates showed statistically significant associations with the outcome. In the log-linear model, residential distance remained the only statistically significant predictor (B = −0.0013, p < 0.001), and the model explained 86.3% of the variance in ln(MP) (R² = 0.863, adjusted R² = 0.853; F(7, 92) = 82.9, p < 0.001). Raman analysis of the extracted microplastic fractions identified aliphatic C–H stretching features at approximately 2848–2850 and 2883–2930 cm⁻¹ that were most consistent with polyethylene (PE), while polypropylene remained a plausible secondary assignment. Carbonaceous, iron-oxide-related, and silicate spectral features were also observed. Because Raman acquisition parameters varied among measurement points, raw signal intensities were interpreted descriptively rather than as measures of relative polymer concentration. The findings demonstrate a strong spatial association between residential distance and urinary microplastic levels, consistent with a spatial exposure gradient, without establishing a direct causal pathway from the landfill. The results support further investigation of spatial exposure pathways and microplastic management in landfill-adjacent communities.

Keywords: microplastics; landfill leachate; Raman spectroscopy; spatial exposure gradient; polyethylene; multiple linear regression; environmental epidemiology.

DOI https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.53.9.6