Evaluation of Computer-Guided Surgical Stents for Ridge Splitting with Simultaneous Implant Placement versus the Freehand Technique in Narrow Maxillary Alveolar Ridges
Abstract
We present a modified technique of bone splitting based on precise patient-individualized preoperative planning by means of three-dimensional diagnostics and the use of surgical guide templates to enable reliable and minimally invasive bone splitting and spreading. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ridge splitting assisted by a surgical guide with simultaneous implant insertion compared to the freehand technique. The clinical study involved 20 patients with partially edentulous narrow anterior maxillary alveolar ridges who were candidates for dental implant placement. The patients were divided into two groups: study group (ridge splitting was performed using patient-specific surgical guides (PSGs)) and control group (ridge splitting was performed using the freehand technique). The radiographic assessment involved measuring linear changes in the vertical dimensions of the labial and palatal bone plates on cross-sectional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cuts, bone density, and ridge width. The data were collected and statistically analyzed using IBM® SPSS* Statistics Version 23 for Windows 10. The study group showed lower bone loss and complications than the control group, with a statistically significant difference. There was a statistically non-significant difference between the two groups in implant stability and bone density. PSGs decrease the occurrence of crestal ridge resorption, enable accurate cutting, and maintain the integrity of alveolar bone.
Keywords: computer-guided ridge splitting, freehand technique, surgical stent, crestal bone loss.
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