Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene Diversity, Its Potential as a Molecular Marker in Indonesian Dairy Cattle
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene plays a role in pathogen recognition and regulation of the immune system. The identification of TLR4 gene diversity has been studied in several livestock commodities. However, there is a lack of information on the polymorphism of this gene in Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cows that have adapted to the Indonesian environment, and its relationship with several breeding parameters is not yet known. This research was conducted to determine the genotype diversity of the TLR4 gene in Indonesian FH cattle and its potential as a genetic marker for several breeding parameters. Polymorphisms were detected using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in 100 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, and mutation locations were confirmed by sequencing. The records from cows were used to obtain information on milk quantity, milk quality, and reproductive parameters. Estrogen levels during estrous phase were measured from serum using the ELISA method. The relationship of genotype on breeding parameters was tested using the procedure of the general linear model. Genotyping results with the AluI restriction enzyme produced three types of genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) of the TLR4 gene. The population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with the dominant genotype being CT. TLR4|AluI gene diversity was correlated (P<0.05) with milk quantity but not with milk quality, estrogen level, or reproductive parameters. In conclusion, the TLR4|AluI gene in the Indonesian Friesian Holstein cattle population was polymorphic. This research reveals the potential of genes to be considered genetic marker candidates for superior milk quantity. The findings of this study can serve as preliminary information for a molecular technology-based dairy cattle selection program.
Keywords: dairy cattle, genotype, sequencing, toll-like receptor.
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