In Vitro Evaluation of Alpha-amylase Inhibition, Antioxidant Potential and Phytochemical Analysis of Acacia Modesta
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which affects insulin secretion. Among several approaches to treat diabetes, controlling postprandial hyperglycemia is an effective way to manage diabetes type II. In this regard, medicinal plants are considered the best source of new chemical entities with fewer side effects. This study aims to evaluate the alpha-amylase inhibitory potential of Acacia modesta ethanol and aqueous extracts in correlation with its antioxidant potential and develop an anti-diabatic drug against the alpha-amylase enzyme that can control the post-prandial hyperglycemia. We used the starch-iodine color change method for α-amylase, a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay for determining the antioxidant potential and determined different phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and tannins by spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the gum of A. modesta possesses potent α-amylase inhibitory potential with IC50 values of 100.4 ± 0.04 µg/mL in ethanol and 91.8 ± 0.05 µg/mL in the aqueous extract, which was approximately 3-folds higher compared to standard acarbose (286.8 ± 0.04 µM). The antioxidant activity was also higher in gum compared to any other part. As for phytochemical analysis, this plant possesses higher amounts of tannins and phenols, while flavonoids are in lesser amounts. The gum of A. modesta shows a dual mode of action, i.e., antioxidant and amylase inhibitor, which makes it a better candidate for diabetes management. The novelty is that, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report the anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties of A. modesta using pancreatic amylase as a drug target from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Keywords: Acacia modesta, alpha-amylase, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
RAPTIS S.A., and DIMITRIADIS G.D. Oral hypoglycemic agents: insulin secretagogues, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and insulin sensitizers. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 2001, 109: 65-87.
STEYN N.P., LAMBERT, E.V., and TABANA H. Nutrition interventions for the preventions of type 2 diabetes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2008; 10: 1-16.
HANEFELD M. The role of acarbose in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetic Complications, 1998, 12: 228-237.
KOH L.W., WONG L.L., LOO Y.Y., KASAPIS S., and HUANG D. Evaluation of different teas against starch digestibility by mammalian glycosidases. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, 58: 148-154.
PEREIRA D.F., CAZAROLLI L.H, LAVADO C., MENGATTO V., FIGUEIREDO M.S., and GUEDES A. Effects of flavonoids on α-glucosidase activity: potential targets for glucose homeostasis. Nutrition, 2011, 27: 1161-1167.
HARGROVE J.L., GREENSPAN P., HARTLE D.K., and DOWD C. Inhibition of aromatase and α-amylase by flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from Sorghum bicolor bran extracts. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2011, 14: 799-807.
OBOH G., ADEMILUYI A.O., and FALOYE Y.M. Effect of combination on the antioxidant and inhibitory properties of tropical pepper varieties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in vitro. Journal of Medicinal Food, 2011, 14: 1152-1158.
VEERESHAM C. Natural products derived from plants as a source of drugs. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2012, 3(4): 200-201.
LOBO V., PATIL A., PHATAK A., and CHANDRA. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2010, 4(8): 118-126.
STEFANIS L., BURKE R.E., and GREENE L.A. Apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology, 1997, 10: 299-305.
ZAHID M., KHAN N., and ULLAH A. Trends in phenology and demographic status of Acacia modesta population in Malakand Division, Pakistan. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 6(2): 08-15.
ABROL D.P. Acacia modesta. Bee World, 2011, 82(2): 90-91.
SHER H., ALI A., and AHMAD S. Ethnoecological appraisal of Acacia modesta wall common tree of dry ecosystem in Pakistan. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2012, 7(36): 5083-5091.
MURAD W., AHMAD A., GILANI S.A., and KHAN M.A. Indigenous knowledge and folk use of medicinal plants by the tribal communities of Hazar Nao Forest, Malakand District, North Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011, 5:1072-1086.
XIAO Z., STORMS R., and TSANG A. A quantitative starch iodine method for measuring alpha-amylase and gluco-amylase activities. Analytical Biochemistry, 2006, 351(1):146-148.
BRAND-WILLIAMS W., CUVELIER M.E., and BERSET C. Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Science and Technology, 1995, 28(1): 25-30.
BARROS L., FERREIRA M-.J., QUEIROS B., FERREIRA I.C.F.R., and BAPTISTA P. Total phenols, ascorbic acid, β-caroteneand lycopene in Portuguese wild edible mushrooms and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry, 2007; 103(2): 413-419.
SHANKAR R., FRAPAISE X., and BROWN B. LEAN drug development in R&D. Drug Discovery and Development, 2006, 9(5): 57-60.
KATIYAR C., GUPTA A., KANJILAL S., and KATIYAR S. Drug discovery from plant sources: An integrated approach. Journal of Ayurveda Medical Sciences, 2012, 33(1): 10-19. DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.100295.
GREEN D.V. Virtual screening of virtual libraries. Progress in Medicinal Chemistry, 2003, 41: 61-97.
KHAN T., ANJARIA J.K., DEDHIA V., and GOHEL A.K. Bioactivity guided fractionation and anti-inflammatory activity of Acacia nilotica pods. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, 7(7): 380-383.
MANISHA M., DIXIT P., LONDHE J., GHASKADBI S., and DEVASAGAYAM T.P.A. Indian herbs and Herbal Drugs Used for the Treatment of Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2007, 40(3): 163-173.
SHARMA A.K., KUMAR A., YADAV S.K., and RAHAL A. Studies on antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of hot aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica L. Leaves against common veterinary pathogens. Veterinary Medicine International, 2014, 2014(2): 747042. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/747042
MILLER A.L. Antioxidant flavonoids: structure, function and clinical usage. Alternative Medicine Review, 1995, 1: 103-111.
KHAN N., AHMAD M., KHAN R.A., KHAN S.T., and MUHAMMAD N. Investigation of Acacia modesta leaves for in-vitro antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2014, 3: 286-293.
ISAM E.H., and CHRISTINE I.Y. Determination of tannins of three common Acacia species of Sudan. Advances in Chemistry, 2014, Article ID 192708: 1-5.
PAUL T., and BANERJEE S.S. Invitro Evaluation of α-amylase inhibitory activity and antioxidant potential of Pteris vittata L. with special reference to its HPTLC profile. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2013, 4(2): 494-503.
GULATI V., HARDING I.H., and PALOMBO E.A. Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plants: Potential application in the management of hyperglycemia. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 12: 77.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
