Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Alginate Residue of Brown Seaweed Sargassum Polycystum
Abstract
Seaweed has great potential in the pharmaceutical field, developing into microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). MCC is a pharmaceutical solid dosage form as an excipient and is very suitable for manufacturing direct-printed tablets that function as binders and fillers. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize MCC from brown seaweed Sargassum polycystum and its alginate extraction residues through acid and enzyme hydrolysis methods. S. polycystum was prepared, and then alginate was extracted. The residue obtained from the alginate extraction and seaweed powder was then isolated to obtain a-cellulose and then hydrolyzed using 2.5 N HCl and cellulase. The characteristics of MCC tested were yield, solubility, water content, ash content, pH, Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) analysis, and X-Ray Diffraction. The results showed that MCC produced from different types of samples and isolated treatment of microcrystalline cellulose did not meet the requirements of the British Pharmacopeia. However, the results showed that MCC from alginate extraction residue with enzyme hydrolysis treatment was closer to the standard (Avicel PH 101) with a yield of 35.16 ± 9.02%, pH 6.60 ± 0.36, water content 2.50 ± 1.34%, ash content 5.55 ± 0.09%, and solubility 35.23 ± 10.57%. The results of the FTIR analysis test also showed typical peaks of cellulose, namely 3444.5 cm-1 for O-H and 2907.61 cm-1 for C-H, with a crystallinity degree of 74.73%.
Keywords: microcrystalline cellulose, alginate extraction residue, Sargassum polycystum, acid hydrolysis method, enzyme hydrolysis method.
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