The Influence of Urbanism on the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon: Evidence from the KSA
Abstract
The density and pattern of urban development can significantly influence the thermal environment in these areas. Several research studies have underlined the asymmetry of urban air temperature by using parameters such as an increase in mean temperature, decline in amplitude, and substantial phase delay in closely constructed buildings. This research examines urban morphological impacts on the city thermal climate using the data collected on air temperature. The data for this study were collected using iButton data loggers implemented across two different locations representing urban and suburban areas. Also, the study utilized one meteorological station to archive the climatic information in a rural area as a reference point. The data collection camping was held in 2019 during June, July, and August, which are considered the hottest months of the year at the case study location. The iButton data loggers were validated by calibrating the readings in a room chamber at the University Kbangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Malaysia. The study includes data analysis for the micro weather profile for all locations, including daytime, nighttime, and daily average air temperature. Results from the study indicated that daytime and nighttime temperature variation among urban and rural areas reached 3.6℃ and 6.3℃, respectively.
Keywords: urban heat island, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, temperature.
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