Immunohistochemical Expression of B7-H4 in Ovarian Tumors
Abstract
In cancers, inflammation, and autoimmune illnesses, the coinhibitory molecule B7-H4, an important member of the B7 family, is inappropriately produced. By reducing T cell proliferation, cytokine release, and cell cycle, B7-H4 negatively controls T cell immune response and promotes immunological escape. Furthermore, B7-H4 plays a critical function in carcinogenesis and tumor growth, including cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, tumor, invasion and metastasis development. As a result, B7-H4 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for malignancies, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and organ transplantation. So, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of B7-H4 in different ovarian tumor histological variants that would be used for target therapy in the future. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ziauddin University and Hospital North campus, comprised of 71 cases. Consent and demographic details were obtained before the selection of cases. The obtained data were analyzed statistically via SPSS version 21. Positive IHC expression was seen in 48 of 71 ovarian cancers (67.6%). The majority of B7-H4 IHC positive patients (22/48; 45.8%) were malignant, with benign (20/48; 41.7%) and borderline (6/48; 12.5%) tumors following closely behind, indicating a statistically significant link between B7-H4 and ovarian cancers (p=0.004). B7-H4 protein expression was also found in some unusual ovarian tumor morphological forms, such as 5/5 dysgerminoma and 2/2 Brenner tumor of the ovaries. These uncommon variations are also statistically linked to B7-H4 protein expression (p-value: 0.011). Most positive samples had protein expression strength of 1 on a scale of 4 with a significant statistical estimate of p-value 0.015.
Keywords: B7-H4, ovarian tumors, serous tumor, mucinous tumor, Brenner tumor.
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