Comparison of CDC Bottle Bioassay Test with WHO Standard Method for Assessment of Aedes Aegypti Susceptibility to Carbamates and Organophosphates Insecticides in Semarang, Indonesia

Muhammad Choirul Hidajat, Martini Martini, Nur Endah Wahyuningsih, Sayono, Ristiyanto, Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, Widiarti, Lasmiati, Sapto Prihasto Siswoko, Rima Tunjungsari Dyah Ayuningtyas, Ary Oktsari Yanti, Suharyo Hadisaputro

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a public health problem globally, including Semarang, one of the dengue-endemic areas in Indonesia. Vector control using insecticides is the main choice. The continuous use of insecticides poses a threat of resistance. The WHO method has been used for insecticide evaluation for decades. Since 2019 Indonesia has adopted the CDC Bottle Bioassay method for resistance testing and the WHO method, which is still being used. This study aimed to compare resistance tests using the CDC Bottle Bioassay method and the WHO Impregnated paper. Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae were collected from 3 villages in Semarang City. The larvae are then rearing into adult mosquitoes for resistance testing. The WHO method test was carried out using the insecticide cypermethrin (0.05%) from the pyrethroid group and malathion (0.5%) from the organophosphate group. The CDC method test was carried out using cypermethrin 1X (10µg/bottle) + synergist Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO), as well as 1X malathion (50µg/bottle) and synergist SSS-tribulyphosphorotrithioate (DEF). Molecular tests were carried out by sequencing the VGSC and ACE1 genes. The resistance test to cypermethrin showed that the two methods showed the same results, namely resistance. The mortality rate using the WHO method in the villages of Patemon, Terboyo Wetan and, Kandri is 62.4% respectively; 30.0%; and 75.3%, while using the CDC method is 90%; 55.5%, and 84.7% and after the addition of PBO it became 96%; 71% and 93.3%. The status of resistance to malathion using the two methods showed different results. The WHO method's mortality rate was 91.7%, respectively; 86.7% and 81.7%, while using the CDC method of 98.3%, 96.7%, and 98.3%. The resistance mechanisms detected were metabolic and target site mutations.

 

 

Keywords: cypermethrin, malathion, Comparison CDC, WHO.

 

 


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