The Effect of Caffeine Intake on the Reaction Level of Karate Players
Abstract
Caffeine is the most prevalent in the last two decades, as it is used to improve cognitive and motor performance during training; it is an aid in generating energy for athletes. The reaction time is affected by hesitation and exaggerated waiting during the competition. This insufficiency is caused by the poor level of abilities of the players, as the reaction time is one of the indicators of success in karate. This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on the level of reaction during specific karate combat class Kumite on the skills (Kisami Zuki, Gyaku Zuki, Mawashi-Geri, and Ura Mawashi Geri) and compare it with the placebo. The researchers followed the quasi-experimental approach, and the study was conducted on a sample consisting of eight Karate players of real combat class Kumite; the mean and standard deviations of the basic measurements of the sample are as follows: age: 19.75 + 2.12, height: 173.87 + 7.7, mass: 70.5 + 10.58, training age: 12.37 + 3.66. The amount of caffeine was determined as 6 mg/kg, and the procedures were carried out without the knowledge of the study sample by taking caffeine or placebo, where the players took placebo on the first day of the measurement, and caffeine on the second day. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of reaction in the skills under study between taking caffeine and placebo, where the percentage of improvement in the skill of Kisami Zuki (13.63%) in favor of caffeine intake, the improvement percentage for Gyaku Zuki skill was (10.63%) in favor of caffeine intake, the improvement percentage for Mawashi-Geri skill (12.76%) in favor of caffeine intake, and the improvement rate for Ura Mawashi Geri skill (13.72%) in favor of caffeine intake. In conclusion, there is a need to increase the interest of Karate officials in educating players and coaches about the importance of using nutritional supplements, especially caffeine, in the specified and permitted dosage to improve the reaction time during the Karate competitions.
Keywords: caffeine, reaction, kumite, karate.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
ABU ZAYDA A. and ABU AL-JEDYAN T. Achievement index in the kumite competition in karate (analytical study). The Scientific Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 2020, 38(1): 183-201. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejsk.2020.154298
ARAZI H., HOSEINIHAJI M., and EGHBALI E. The effects of different doses of caffeine on performance, rating of perceived exertion and pain perception in teenagers female karate athletes. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016, 52(4): 685–692. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502016000400012
ASTORINO T. A., ROHMANN R. L., and FIRTH K. Effect of caffeine ingestion on one-repetition maximum muscular strength. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2008, 102(2): 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0557-x
BACKHOUSE S. H., BIDDLE S. J., BISHOP N. C., and WILLIAMS C. Caffeine ingestion, affect and perceived exertion during prolonged cycling. Appetite, 2011, 57(1): 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.304
BECK T. W., HOUSH T. J., SCHMIDT R. J., JOHNSON, G. O., HOUSH D. J., COBURN J. W., and MALEK M. H. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2011, 20(3): 506-510. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200608000-00008
BELL D. G., JACOBS I., and ELLERINGTON K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001, 33(8): 1399-1403. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200108000-00024
BRUNYÉ T. T., MAHONEY C. R., LIEBERMAN H. R., GILES G. E., and TAYLOR H. A. Acute Caffeine Consumption Enhances the Executive Control of Visual Attention in Habitual Consumers. Brain and Cognition, 2010, 74: 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.07.006
BURKE B. I., TRAVIS S. K., GENTLES J. A., SATO K., LANG H. M., and BAZYLER C. D. The Effects of Caffeine on Jumping Performance and Maximal Strength in Female Collegiate Athletes. Nutrients, 2021, 13(8): 2496. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082496
CHAABÈNE H., HACHANA Y., FRANCHINI E., MKAOUER B., and CHAMARI K. Physical and physiological profile of elite karate athletes. Sports Medicine, 2012, 42(10): 829-843. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262297
DAVIS J. and GREEN J. Caffeine and Anaerobic Performance Ergogenic Value and Mechanisms of Action. Sports Medicine, 2009, 39(10): 813-832. https://doi.org/10.2165/11317770-000000000-00000
DEL COSO J., SALINERO J. J., GONZÁLEZ-MILLÁN C., ABIÁN-VICÉN J., and PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ B. Dose response effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on muscle performance: A repeated measures design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2012, 9(1): 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-21
DER G. and DEARY I. J. Age and sex differences in reaction time in adulthood: Results from the United Kingdom health and lifestyle survey. Psychology and Aging, 2006, 21(1): 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.62
FOSKETT A., ALI A., and GANT N. Caffeine enhances cognitive function and skill performance during simulated soccer activity. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2009, 19(4): 410-423. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.4.410
GLADE M. J. Caffeine - Not just a stimulant. Nutrition, 2010, 26(10): 932-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.08.004
GLAISTER M., MUNIZ-PUMARES D., PATTERSON S. D., FOLEY P., and MCINNES G. Caffeine supplementation and peak anaerobic power output. European Journal of Sport Science, 2015, 15(5): 400-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.962619
GODINHO M., MENDES R., MELO F., and BARREIROS J. Instrução e demonstração. In: Controlo motor e aprendizagem: fundamentos e aplicações. FMH edições, Cruz Quebrada, 2002: 151-162.
GREER F., MCLEAN C., and GRAHAM T. Caffeine, performance, and metabolism during repeated Wingate exercise tests. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998, 85(4): 1502-1508. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1502
GRGIC J., TREXLER E., LAZINICA B., and PEDISIC Z. Effects of caffeine intake on muscle 406 strength and power: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2018, 15: 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0216-0
GRGIC J., MIKULIC P., SCHOENFELD B. J., BISHOP D. J., and PEDISIC Z. The Influence of Caffeine Supplementation on Resistance Exercise: A Review. Sports Medicine, 2019, 49(1): 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0997-y
HEIRANI A., VAZINI TAHER A., SOORI Z., and RAHMANI M. Relationship between choice reaction time and expertise in team and individual sports: A gender differences approach. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2012, 6(8): 344-348. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20133032554
HENDRIX C. R., HOUSH T. J., MIELKE M., ZUNIGA J. M., CAMIC C. L., JOHNSON G. O., and HOUSH D. J. Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2010, 24(3): 859-865. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ae7976
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (US) COMMITTEE ON MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCH. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. National Academies Press (US), Washington, District of Columbia, 2001. https://doi.org/10.17226/10219
KENNEDY M. D., GALLOWAY A. V., DICKAU L. J., and HUDSON M. K. The cumulative effect of coffee and a mental stress task on heart rate, blood pressure, and mental alertness is similar in caffeine-naïve and caffeine-habituated females. Nutrition Research, 2008, 28(9): 609-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.003
MALINAUSKAS B. M., AEBY V. G., OVERTON R. F., CARPENTER-AEBY T., and BARBER-HEIDAL K. A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutrition Journal, 2007, 6: 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-6-35
MARTIN F. H. and GARFIELD J. Combined effects of alcohol and caffeine on the late components of the event-related potential and on reaction time. Biological Psychology, 2006, 71(1): 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.01.004
MIELGO-AYUSO J., CALLEJA-GONZALEZ J., DEL COSO J., URDAMPILLETA A., LEÓN-GUEREÑO P., and FERNÁNDEZ-LÁZARO D. Caffeine Supplementation and Physical Performance, Muscle Damage and Perception of Fatigue in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review. Nutrients, 2019, 11(2): 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020440
MOHR M., NIELSEN J. J., and BANGSBO J. Caffeine intake improves intense intermittent exercise performance and reduces muscle interstitial potassium accumulation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011, 111(5): 1372-1379. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01028.2010
MORI S., OHTANI Y., and IMANAKA K. Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human Movement Sciences, 2002, 21(2): 213-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9457(02)00103-3
NEWELL K. M. and MCGINNIS P. M. Kinematic information feedback for skilled performance. Human Learning, 1985, 4: 39-56.
SANTOS V. G., SANTOS V. R., FELIPPE L. J., ALMEIDA JR. J. W., BERTUZZI R., KISS M. A., and LIMA-SILVA A. E. Caffeine reduces reaction time and improves performance in simulated-contest of taekwondo. Nutrients, 2014, 6(2): 637-649. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6020637
SCHMIDT R. A. and LEE T. Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois, 2011.
SCHNEIKER K. T., BISHOP D., DAWSON B., and HACKETT L. P. Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2006, 38(3): 578-585. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000188449.18968.62
SOKMEN B., ARMSTRONG L. E., KRAEMER W. J., CASA D. J., DIAS J. C., JUDELSON D. A., and MARESH C. M. Caffeine use in sports: considerations for the athlete. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008, 22(3): 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181660cec
STUART G. R., HOPKINS W. G., COOK C., and CAIRNS S. P. Multiple effects of caffeine on simulated high-intensity team-sport performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005, 37(11): 1998-2005. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000177216.21847.8a
SUN F., SIU A. Y.-S., WANG K., ZHANG B., CHAN M.-H., CHAN K.-H., KONG P.-S., MAN K.-Y., and CHOW G. C.-C. Effects of Caffeine on Performances of Simulated Match, Wingate Anaerobic Test, and Cognitive Function Test of Elite Taekwondo Athletes in Hong Kong. Nutrients, 2022, 14(16): 3398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163398
VENCES DE BRITO A. and CILVA C. Reaction Time in Karate Athletes, IDO-Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 2011, 11(4): 35–39.
VENIER S., GRGIC J., and MIKULIC P. Caffeinated Gel Ingestion Enhances Jump Performance, Muscle Strength, and Power in Trained Men. Nutrients, 2019, 11(4): 937. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040937
WILK M., FILIP A., KRZYSZTOFIK M., MASZCZYK A., and ZAJAC A. The Acute Effect of Various Doses of Caffeine on Power Output and Velocity during the Bench Press Exercise among Athletes Habitually Using Caffeine. Nutrients, 2019, 11(7): 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071465
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
