The Effect of Zingiber, Alpinia Officinarum with Periodontal Therapy on Clinical Outcome and Oxidative Stress
Abstract
Many popular mouthwashes containing herbal products have helped to control dental plaque and gingivitis; however, they are used for a short time and only as an adjunct to other oral hygiene measures such as brushing and flossing. Recently, herbs such as Zingiber ginger and Alpinia officinarum, with antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties apart from being cheap and safe, have been used as plant extracts in mouthwashes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of both herbal mouthwashes and periodontal therapy on oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities in the saliva of patients with periodontitis as well as to investigate the association between oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, total antioxidant capacity, and periodontal parameters. 72 patients were selected using random sampling and divided into three categories. Each category consisted of 24 patients: the first group received non-surgical periodontal treatment and Zingiber ginger mouthwash, the second group received Alpine officinarum and non-surgical periodontal therapy, while the third control group received non-surgical periodontal therapy only. Periodontal parameters (Clinical Attachment Loss and Plaque Index) were recorded by a calibrated periodontal probe (William probe). Salivary oxidative stress (eight hydroxy deoxyguanosine) was measured by ELISA, and catalase and total antioxidant capacity were measured using a spectrophotometer. The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased, and the periodontal parameter and eight hydroxy deoxyguanosine significantly decreased after two weeks. The p-value in the ginger group was (P < 0.0001). For the alpine officinarum group, the clinical parameters showed a significant decrease, and the p-value was (P < 0.0001). While catalase displayed a significant increase (P < 0.0001), the eight hydroxy deoxyguanosine markers showed a significant decrease (P < 0.02). Zingiber ginger and Alpine officinarum mouthwashes, in addition to periodontal therapy, can be effective in controlling inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, and improving dental health in patients with chronic periodontitis. Mostly positive associations were detected among clinical and biochemical parameters.
Keywords: oxidative stress, periodontitis, antioxidants.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
PAPAPANOU P. N., SANZ M., BUDUNELI N., DIETRICH T., FERES M., FINE D. H., FLEMMIG T. F., GARCIA R., GIANNOBILE W. V., GRAZIANI F., GREENWELL H., HERRERA D., KAO R. T., KEBSCHULL M., KINANE D. F., KIRKWOOD K. L., KOCHER T., KORNMAN K. S., KUMAR P. S., LOOS B. G., MACHTEI E., MENG H., MOMBELLI A., NEEDLEMAN I., OFFENBACHER S., SEYMOUR G. J., TELES R., and TONETTI M. S. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. Journal of Periodontology, 2018, 89(1): S173-S182. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12946
OPPERMAM R.V., HAAS A.N., ROSING C.K., and SUSIN C. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in adults from Latin America. Periodontology 2000, 2015, 67(1): 13-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12061
MEÑACA-GUERRERO L., SUAREZ-CAUSADO A., and DÍAZ-CABALLERO A. J. Reactive species of oxygen, oxidative stress and its relationship with tissular destruction in periodontitis. CES Odontología, 2020, 33(2): 112-127. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.33.2.10
LI F. S., & WENG J. K. Demystifying traditional herbal medicine with modern approach. Nature Plants, 2017, 31(3): 17109. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.109
ZARE JAVID A., BAZYAR H., GHOLINEZHAD H., RAHIMLOU M., RASHIDI H., SALEHI P., and HAGHIGHI-ZADEH M. H. The effects of ginger supplementation on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic periodontitis under non-surgical periodontal therapy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2019, 12: 1751–1761. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S214333
SRINIVASAN K. J. P. Ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale): A spice with multiple health beneficial potentials. PharmaNutrition, 2017, 5(1): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2017.01.001
AMORNDOLJAI P., TANEEPANICHSKUL S., NIEMPOOG S., and NIMMANNIT U. A Comparative of Ginger Extract in Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) and 1% Diclofenac Gel for Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis (OA). Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 2017, 100(4): 447–456. http://www.jmatonline.com/index.php/jmat/article/view/8007
POURMASOUMI M., HADI A., RAFIE N., NAJAFGHOLIZADEH A., MOHAMMADI H., and ROUHANI M. H. The effect of ginger supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytomedicine, 2018, 43: 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.043
LORENTE L., MARTÍN M. M., PÉREZ-CEJAS A., ABREU-GONZÁLEZ P., LÓPEZ R. O., FERRERES J., SOLÉ-VIOLÁN J., LABARTA L., DÍAZ C., PALMERO S., and JIMÉNEZ A. Serum total antioxidant capacity during the first week of sepsis and mortality. Journal of Critical Care, 2018, 47: 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.06.025
MOZAFFARI H., DANESHZAD E., LARIJANI B., SURKAN P. J., and AZADBAKHT L. Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity to anthropometry in healthy women: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition, 2020, 69: 110577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.110577
HONMORE V. S., KANDHARE A. D., KADAM P. P., KHEDKAR V. M., NATU A. D., ROJATKAR S. R., and BODHANKAR S. L. Diarylheptanoid, a constituent isolated from methanol extract of Alpinia officinarum attenuates TNF-α level in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019, 229: 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.019
HUO S. X., LIU X. M., GE C. H., GAO L., PENG X. M., ZHAO P. P., and YAN M. The effects of galangin on a mouse model of vitiligo induced by hydroquinone. Phytotherapy Research, 2014, 28(10): 1533-1538. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5161
LAGANÀ G., ABAZI Y., BESHIRI NASTASI E., VINJOLLI F., FABI F., DIVIZIA M., and COZZA P. Oral health conditions in an Albanian adolescent population: an epidemiological study. BMC Oral Health, 2015, 15: 67. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-015-0050-6
ANITHA V., RAJESH P., SHANMUGAM M., PRIYA B. M., PRABHU S., and SHIVAKUMAR V. Comparative evaluation of natural curcumin and synthetic chlorhexidine in the management of chronic periodontitis as a local drug delivery: A clinical and microbiological study. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2015, 26(1): 53-56. https://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2015/26/1/53/156806
KAMODYOVÁ N., BAŇASOVÁ L., JANŠÁKOVÁ K., KOBOROVÁ I., TÓTHOVÁ Ľ., STANKO P., and CELEC P. Blood contamination in saliva: impact on the measurement of salivary oxidative stress markers. Disease Markers, 2015, 2015: 479251. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/479251
ZHANG T., ANDRUKHOV O., HARIRIAN H., MÜLLER-KERN M., LIU S., LIU Z., and RAUSCH-FAN X. Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients in Relation to Bacterial Load. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2016, 6(5): 97. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2015.00097
POLI Y., NALLAMOTHU V., BALAKRISHNAN D., RAMESH P., DESIRAJU S., MANGRAUTHIA S. K., VOLETI S. R., and NEELAMRAJU S. Increased Catalase Activity and Maintenance of Photosystem II Distinguishes High-Yield Mutants from Low-Yield Mutants of Rice var. Nagina22 under Low-Phosphorus Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9: 1543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01543
LEM M., VINCENT K., JOSUE W., JEANNETTE Y., GERTRUDE M., and JOSEPH T. In Vitro Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activities of Stem Bark of Terminalia glaucescens (Combretaceae) against Haemonchus contortus. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2014, 5: 2859-2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.519301
AGHAYAN S. H., ZAKER S., and SHAHLAEI M. Evaluation the effect of concentration of ginger extract on the growth rate of Actinomyces Naslundicolony (in vitro study). Journal of Research in Dental Sciences, 2017, 14(1): 27-33. http://jrds.ir/article-1-809-en.html
NWOZO S. O., OSUNMADEWA D. A., and OYINLOYE B. E. Anti-fatty liver effects of oils from Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa on ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2014, 12(1): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(14)60006-6
CHINSEMBU K.C. Plants and other natural products used in the management of oral infections and improvement of oral health. Acta Tropica, 2016, 154: 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.019
DA SILVA J. C., MUNIZ F. W. M. G., OBALLE H. J. R., ANDRADES M. , RÖSING C. K., and CAVAGNI J. The effect of periodontal therapy on oxidative stress biomarkers: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2018, 45(10): 1222-1237. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12993
ÖNDER C., KURGAN Ş., ALTINGÖZ S. M., BAĞIŞ N., UYANIK M., SERDAR M. A., KANTARCI A., and GÜNHAN M. Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on saliva and serum levels of markers of oxidative stress. Clinical Oral Investigations, 2017, 21: 1961-1969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1984-z
SAYAR F., AHMADI R. S., and MONTAZERI M. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Journal of Advanced Periodontology & Implant Dentistry, 2019, 11(1): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.15171/japid.2019.004
SAUFI K., IRMA E., and PITU W. The Effect of Scaling and Root Planing on Total Antioxidant Status of Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Proceedings of the 11th International Dentistry Scientific Meeting, Central Jakarta, 2018, pp. 322-329. https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/idsm-17.2018.43
BANSAL N., GUPTA N. D., BEY A., SHARMA V. K., GUPTA N., and TRIVEDI H. Impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on total antioxidant capacity in chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2017, 21: 291-295. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_281_15
LIN S.-K., TSAI Y.-T., LO P.-C., and LAI J. N. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy decreases the pneumonia risk in patients with dementia. Medicine, 2016, 95(37): e4917. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000004917
XIE Z. S., XU X. J., XIE C. Y., HUANG J. Y., YANG M., and YANG D. P. Volatile components of Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum using three different extraction methods combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2013, 3(3): 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2012.09.005
RASHMI K., & TIWARI R. Pharmacotherapeutic properties of ginger and its use in diseases of the oral cavity: A narrative review. Journal of Academy of Advanced Dental Research, 2016, 7(2): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2229411220160201
SWAMY C. T., VINAY KUMAR P. G., and VANUNAKUMARA J. B. Antimicrobial activity of ginger root extracts against human pathogenic bacteria. International Journal of Life Sciences Research, 2019, 7(1): 331-333. https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/antimicrobial-activity-of-ginger-root-extracts-against-human-pathogenic-bacteria
MALEKI Z., JAZAYERI S., ESLAMI O., SHIDFAR F., HOSSEINI A. F., AGAH S., and NOROUZI H. Effect of soy milk consumption on glycemic status, blood pressure, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2019, 44: 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.02.020
PODZIMEK S., VONDRACKOVA L., DUSKOVA J., JANATOVA T., and BROUKAL Z. Salivary markers for periodontal and general diseases. Disease Markers, 2016, 2016: 9179632. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9179632
BASRI A. M., TAHA H., and AHMAD N. A Review on the Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemicals of Alpinia officinarum (Galangal) Extracts Derived from Bioassay-Guided Fractionation and Isolation. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2017, 11(21): 43-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_55_16
AL HROOB A. M., ABUKHALIL M. H., ALGHONMEEN R. D., and MAHMOUD A. M. Ginger alleviates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis and protects rats against diabetic nephropathy. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018, 106: 381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.148
ZHANG J. Q., WANG Y., LI H. L., WEN Q., YIN H., ZENG N., LAI W., WEI N., CHENG S. Q., KANG S., CHEN F., and LI Y. Simultaneous quantification of seventeen bioactive components in rhizome and aerial parts of Alpinia officinarum Hance using LC-MS/MS. Analytical Methods, 2015, 7: 4919-4926. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5AY00647C
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
