Effects of Vetiveria zizanioides on Cytotoxicity of Human Epithelial Cervical Cancer Cells
Abstract
The potential of Vetiveria zizanioides or Chrizopogon zizanioides, known as "akar wangi" in Indonesia, has not been much studied as an anticancer ingredient. Moreover, the effect of vetiver compounds on cervical cancer cells is still unknown. This research was conducted to determine the effect of V. zizanioides or vetiver oil on the cytotoxicity of HeLa cells (continuous cell line from cervical cancer epithelial cells) for a further finding of the potential anticancer natural compound. The administration of V. zizanioides extract in essential oil was done in dose-dependent. The 3‑(4,5‑Dimethylthiazolyl‑2‑yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as cytotoxicity assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity effects of vetiver oil for 24 hours to in vitro culture of HeLa cells by determining the percentage of proliferation inhibition. The in vitro HeLa cell culture was treated with several dilutions of vetiver oil. IC50 concentration of 0.02% to 0.00125% vetiver oil against HeLa cells was recorded. The vetiver oil showed cytotoxicity effects against the HeLa cells for 24 hours in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest concentration of vetiver oil (0.02%) showed the highest cell proliferation inhibition (96.304%). The IC50 value was at 0.05% dilution of vetiver oil. In addition, morphological alterations, including cytoplasm shrinkage. Together these findings indicated the active potential anticancer nature of V. zizanioides, especially in human cervical cancer.
Keywords: anticancer, cytotoxicity, HeLa cells, vetiver oil, Vetiveria zizanioides.
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