Beeswax Material as Corrosion Inhibitor in a Brake Oil System

Akram Jassim Jawad, Hakim S. Sultan Aljibori, Hawraa Hamza Obeed, Abdul Amir H.Kadhum, Bourair Al-Attar, Omar H. Abdulzahra, Tayser Sumer Gaaz, Ahmed A. Al-Amiery

Abstract

One of the most important additives used in the braking system is anti-corrosion providing corrosion protection for metals used in braking systems, including cast iron, aluminum, steel, copper, and brass. Beeswax is a biocorrosion inhibitor in braking systems tested. It is cheap, environmental-friendly, a source of nature, and a secondary product in the life of bees. The additive was added in several concentrations of weight percent (wt%), and the method of weight loss was used to study the effect of beeswax as a corrosion inhibitor. The result is an enhancement in corrosion resistance with beeswax content increasing. Many tests, such as an atomic force microscope (AFM), were used to observe the aluminum surface's topography. The result shows a decrease in surface roughness with beeswax additives. Besides, a rheometer and tensiometer were used to study the flow behavior of brake oil/beeswax at different shear rates and shear stresses. It shows a dramatic drop in viscosity as its concentration increases. Beeswax can be considered an environmentally friendly additive and has exhibited a good corrosion inhibitor even in severe acidic environments. The result showed that the brake oil/beeswax fluid offers excellent corrosion protection for metal components and lubricating properties that reduce wear.


Keywords: beeswax, brake oil, anti-corrosion, viscosity, atomic force microscope.

 

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.4.4

 


Full Text:

PDF


References


BLOOMFIELD L. How Things Work: The Physics of Everyday Life. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

BRAIHI A., JAWAD A., KADHUM A., ALJIBORI H., and AL-AMIERY A. Chemical resistance of NR/SBR rubber blends for surfaces corrosion protection of metallic tanks in petrochemical industries. Koroze a ochrana materialu, 2020, 64(2): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.2478/kom-2020-0010

SUN T.-Y., HAO Y., WU Y.-H., ZHAO W.-J., and HUANG L.-F. Corrosion Resistance of Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Coatings: First-Principles Calculations towards In-Depth Mechanism Understanding and Precise Material Design. Metals, 2021, 11(12): 2011. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11122011

ATTIA A. A., ELMELEGY E. M., EL BATOUTI M., and AHMED A.–M. M. Studying Copper Electropolishing Inhibition in Presence of Some Organic Alcohols. Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 34(2): 105-118. https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.201602105

YANG H.-M. Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments—A State-of-Art Review. Molecules, 2021, 26(11): 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113473

KADHIM A., BETTI N., AL-BAHRANI H. A., AL-GHEZI M. K. S., GAAZ T., KADHUM A. H., and ALAMIERY A. A mini review on corrosion, inhibitors and mechanism types of mild steel inhibition in an acidic environment. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 2021, 10(3): 861–884. http://dx.doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2021-10-3-2

DARIVA C. G., and GALIO A. F. Corrosion Inhibitors – Principles, Mechanisms and Applications. In: ALIOFKHAZRAEI M. (ed.) Developments in Corrosion Protection. IntechOpen, London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57255

MOHAMED A., VISCO D. P., and BASTIDAS D. M. Significance of π–Electrons in the Design of Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution. Corrosion, 2021, 77(9): 976–990. https://doi.org/10.5006/3844

KUSUMASTUTI R., PRAMANA R. I., and SOEDARSONO J. W. The use of morinda citrifolia as a green corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, 1823: 020012. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978085

WAN S., CHEN H., ZHANG T., LIAO B., and GUO X. Anti-Corrosion Mechanism of Parsley Extract and Synergistic Iodide as Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel-Q235 in Acidic Medium by Electrochemical, XPS and DFT Methods. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021, 9: 815953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.815953

ASKARI M., ALIOFKHAZRAEI M., JAFARI R., HAMGHALAM P., and HAJIZADEH A. Downhole corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas production – a review. Applied Surface Science Advances, 2021, 6: 100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100128

SERDAROĞLU G., and KAYA S. Organic and Inorganic Corrosion Inhibitors: A Comparison. In: VERMA C., HUSSAIN C. M., and EBENSO E. E. (eds.) Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, 2021: 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119794516

MARZORATI S., VEROTTA L., and TRASATTI S. P. Green Corrosion Inhibitors from Natural Sources and Biomass Wastes. Molecules, 2019, 24(1): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010048

GONI L. K. M. O., and MAZUMDER M. A. J. Green Corrosion Inhibitors. In: SINGH A. (ed.) Corrosion

Jawad et al. Beeswax Material as Corrosion Inhibitor in a Brake Oil System, Vol. 49 No. 4 April 2022 Inhibitors. IntechOpen, London, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81376

GAPSARI F., SOENOKO R., SUPRAPTO A., and SUPRAPTO W. Bee Wax Propolis Extract as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for 304SS in Sulfuric Acid. International Journal of Corrosion, 2015, 2015: 567202. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/567202

SHAHMORADI A. R., RANJBARGHANEI M., JAVIDPARVAR A. A., GUO L., BERDIMURODOV E., and RAMEZANZADEH B. Theoretical and surface/electrochemical investigations of walnut fruit green husk extract as effective inhibitor for mild-steel corrosion in 1M HCl electrolyte. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 338: 116550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116550

SILVA P. M., MARTINS A. J., FASOLIN L. H., and VICENTE A. A. Modulation and Characterization of Wax-Based Olive Oil Organogels in View of Their Application in the Food Industry. Gels, 2021, 7(1): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7010012

ABDIKHEIBARI S., PARVIZI R., MOAYED M. H., ZEBARJAD S. M., and SAJJADI S. A. Beeswax-Colophony Blend: A Novel Green Organic Coating for Protection of Steel Drinking Water Storage Tanks. Metals, 2015, 5(3): 1645-1664. https://doi.org/10.3390/met5031645

KAMEDA T. Molecular structure of crude beeswax studied by solid-state 13C NMR. Journal of Insect Science, 2004, 4(1): 29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/4.1.29

LUO W., LI T., WANG C., and HUANG F. Discovery of beeswax as Binding Agent on a 6th-Century BC Chinese Turquoise-Inlaid Bronze Sword. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012, 39(5): 1227–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.035

OLAJIRE A. A. Review of wax deposition in subsea oil pipeline systems and mitigation technologies in the petroleum industry. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 2021, 6: 100104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100104

YOKI Y., TRESYE U., and DESTIA P. Wax Aggregation Inhibition in Crude Oil by Oxirane Ester Copolymer. International Journal of Technology, 2016, 7(1): 158-167. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v7i1.2114

FEMIANA G., RUDY S., AGUS S., and WAHYONO S. Bee Wax Propolis Extract as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for 304SS in Sulfuric Acid. International Journal of Corrosion, 2015, 2015: 567202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/567202

GAPSARI F., MADURANI K. A., SIMANJUNTAK F. M., ANDOKO A., WIJAYA H., and KURNIAWAN F. Corrosion Inhibition of Honeycomb Waste Extracts for 304 Stainless Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution. Materials, 2019, 12(13): 2120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132120

AJIBOLA O. O., and OLORUNTOBA D. T. Wear and Corrosion of Cast Al Alloy Piston with and without Brake Oil. Indian Journal of Materials Science, 2015, 2015: 763618. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/763618

AJIBOLA O. O., IGE O. O., and OLUBAMBI P. Wear and Corrosion of Wrought A6061 Aluminium Alloy in DOT3 Brake Fluid. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018, 7(2): 512-519. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9611

AJIBOLA O. O., and OLUBAMBI P. A. Comparative effects of corrosion on electroless-nickel plated A6061 alloys in DOT3 brake fluid. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018, 7(2): 927-934. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9612


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.