Tender Coconut Water Сan Inhibit Inflammation Caused by Cigarette Smoke
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains numerous free radicals that can trigger an inflammatory response. The response stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Tender coconut water containing L-arginine has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, and IL-6. This study aims to determine the potential of tender coconut water in inhibiting inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. In this posttest only control group study, twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: K1 (standard ad libitum+ aqua diet); K2 (standard diet ad libitum + aqua + exposure to cigarette smoke 3 sticks/day); K3 (standard diet ad libitum + aqua+ exposure to cigarette smoke 3 sticks/day + vitamin E at a dose of 1.8 mg/200 grBW/day); K4 (standard diet ad libitum + aqua + exposure to cigarette smoke 3 sticks/day + tender coconut water at a dose of 8mL/200 grBW/day). The treatment was given for 14 days. On day 15, the blood samples were collected to evaluate CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test. The results showed that the level of CRP, IL-6m, and TNF-α in the group administrated with tender coconut water was significantly lower than that of those exposed to cigarette smoke alone (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that tender coconut water can inhibit inflammation in mice caused by cigarette smoke.
Keywords: tender coconut water, cigarette smoke, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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