An Analysis of High Frequency and Resistance Pattern in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Specimens Obtained from Tertiary Care Hospital
Abstract
Resistance in pathogenic bacteria against antibiotics has remained a challenge to our clinicians in managing various infections and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among it. This clinical study aims to determine the antimicrobial resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the clinical specimens to fill the scientific gap present in our area. The pathogen has been cultured from isolates collected from clinical specimens, patients admitted to Jinnah hospital Lahore, province of Punjab, and the susceptibility to various antimicrobial drugs studied. Overall, 1159 samples of urine, wound swabs, sputum, blood, tissue, and pus were collected from infected patients of age groups ranging from 20-70 years and included both female and male patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified using biochemical tests and staining procedures, as confirmed by API20NE. Susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents was then performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Almost 22.0% of the clinical specimen came out to be positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a slightly higher percentage in female patients than males. Department-wise isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was surgery n = 94 (36.8%), medicine n = 66 (25.9%), orthopedics n = 34 (13.3%), ICU n = 29 (11.4%), ENT n = 14 (5.5%) and Gynaecology n = 18 (7.0%) (p ≤ 0.001). Sample-wise isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was wound swabs n = 89 (34.9%), urine n = 71 (27.8%) and sputum n = 35 (13.7%), blood n = 30 (11.7%), pus n = 18 (7.05%) and tissue n = 12 (4.7%). The age group of 40-49 showed the highest frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These clinical isolates were then tested against different antibiotic drugs, amongst which the highest resistance was found against ceftazidime. This study showed a high prevalence of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalized patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, whereby this microbe exhibited multidrug resistance against various antibiotics. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is largely attributed to excessive usage of antibiotic drugs. The highest resistance was exhibited against ceftazidime.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nosocomial infection, antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogen, Kirby-Bauer method.
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