Assessment of Inflammatory Markers and Clinicopathological Characteristics of COVID-19

Santosh Kumar Sidhwani, Syed Ali Raza, Fatima Zaina, Imtiaz Begum, Syed Ali Abbas, Ambrina Khatoon

Abstract

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to find out the correlation of severity of the COVID-19 with sex, age, and inflammatory markers at the time of admission. The study was conducted at Ziauddin Hospital North Nazimabad. 264 PCR positive for COVID-19 patients were included in this study, and the data were retrieved from the hospital records after taking the institutional ERC approval. This study will help better understand the risk factors and pathogenesis of the disease, interpret its severity based on signs, symptoms, and clinicopathological parameters. So, we can classify the patients, and better specific treatment options can be offered. The patients were divided into =<50 years and > 50 years to see the link between age and severity. In 103 severe cases, the age was greater than 50 years, and the p-value was 0.001. Males were more afflicted by severe disease (91) than females (36), but there was no statistically significant relationship between severity and gender (p-value of 0.695). Ferritin levels were found to be greater in 199 (75.4%) patients (Mean 1360, Range 5 to 36795), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were found to be higher in 214 (81.4%) patients (545.69, Range 106 to 13190). Higher WBC numbers (Mean 10.89, Range 1.2 to 43.1) and high neutrophil counts (Mean 81.1, Range 45 to 96) were found in 89.7% of the people, while high lymphocyte counts were seen in 8.1 percent (Mean 12.7, Range 2 to 48). CRP and D-dimers have a statistically significant relationship with COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, we aimed to establish which inflammatory marker of COVID-19 is more peculiar and sensitive and found that ferritin and LDH are both equally sensitive (51.3%), with LDH being more specific (60%) than others in predicting the severity of COVID-19.

 

Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, cytokine storm, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane protease, serine 2; lymphocytes.


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