Virulence of Mutated SARS-CoV-2 and Susceptibility of COVID-19 Patient: A Literature Review

Alfian Nur Rosyid, Arina Dery Puspitasari, Tamara Nur Budiarti, Herley Windo Setiawan, Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati, Muhammad Amin

Abstract

COVID-19 originated from a pneumonia case with a mysterious cause in Wuhan, China. The spread of the disease is increasingly widespread until WHO declares a pandemic COVID-19 in March 2020. The case increase in human to human continues to occur in almost all world regions until today. SARS COV-2 virus mutations were reported to occur in several countries. This review aims to determine the virulence of mutated SARS-CoV-2 and human susceptibility to virus infection. We discussed the viral origin, pathogenesis, transmission to the host body, risk factors for viral information, infection symptoms, mutations, and examinations performed to support disease diagnosis. Modifications of the SARS-COV-2 virus occur in one or more virus components, i.e., Spike Protein (S), Envelope (E), Membrane Glycoprotein (M), and Nucleocapsid (N). Currently, mutations D.6.1.4.G, B.1.1.7, R203K, and B.1.1.28 are found. This mutation is related to the ease with which a person becomes infected with COVID-19. The level of host susceptibility was influenced by groups of ACE2, TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL. The risk factor of COVID-19 is higher in people with comorbid; each infected person's symptoms can be different. The new mutations of SARS-CoV-2 have been found more virulent and dangerous in several countries around the world. The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) examination is required for the primary diagnosis of COVID-19.

 

Keywords: COVID-19, virulence, susceptibility, SARS-COV-2, mutation, infection disease.


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