The Cytotoxic Activity of Crude Aqueous Annona Plant-Derived Extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda, Cell Lines
Abstract
The excessive use of agrochemicals in agriculture to control insect pests has generated several environmental problems related to pollution and health risks for farmers. Therefore, chemical control has been proposed, including using products with plant origin, as an alternative to problematic, chemically-synthetized agents. These natural sources produce great numbers of bioactive molecules, and many have been reported to exhibit insecticidal effects. Recent studies have described the presence of bioactive compounds in tissue extracts from Annona plants, which are now considered useful in support of certain agricultural production processes. The cytotoxic effect of A. squamosa and A. muricata leaf extracts was tested on SF-21 and SF-9 insect cell lines obtained from Spodoptera frugiperda. Results showed that extracts of A. squamosa were more effective, as they gradually reduce cellular viability at 72 hours following exposure. Treatments with A. squamosa were significantly different from the negative control, whereas treatment with A. muricata behaved similarly to the control (i.e., no cytotoxic effect). Morphological changes in cells exposed to A. squamosa extracts were also observed. These included modifications in the structure and the shape of cell nuclei, generalized vacuolization, and membrane lyses. The effect observed by A. squamosa extracts on the tested cell lines represents relevant information regarding the potential use of plant-derived compounds from these species as alternatives for insect-specific pest control.
Keywords: bioprospecting, Annona sp., biological activity.
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