Characteristics of Marine Heatwaves off West Sumatra Derived from High-Resolution Satellite Data

Mochamad Furqon Azis Ismail

Abstract

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are high sea surface temperature (SST) periods that last for several days or weeks. They have been observed worldwide in recent decades, and they are predicted to become more frequent and intense as the global ocean's SST rises. In this paper, high-resolution satellite SST is used to investigate the characteristics of MHWs off the coast of West Sumatra. This shelf region is bordered in the west by the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean. The aim is to identify the occurrence of MHWs and quantify its metrics over the period 1982-2018. The results demonstrate that MHWs occur at least 3 to 4 times per year for the offshore and nearshore sites of West Sumatra, respectively. Moreover, the nearshore MHWs having higher proportions in terms of duration, intensity, and the number of days than the offshore MHWs. The variations in duration, frequency, intensity, and the number of days were likely caused by an imbalance in local near-surface warming and physical oceanic processes offshore. The years with the severe MHW days were those following the strong El Niño events in 1998 and 2016. This study is a significant first step in the research of MHWs in Indonesian shelf water.

 

 

Keywords: marine heatwaves, sea surface temperature, satellite, West Sumatra, Eastern Indian Ocean.

 

 


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