Fatty Acid Trends in Various Muscle Zones of Catla Catla Fish against Various Degrees of Water Pollution
Abstract
This study examined fatty acid trends in various muscle zones of Catla Catla fish against various degrees of water pollution. Wild fish were collected from Chenab River, and fatty acid analyses were performed using Gas chromatography and Flame Ionization Detectors. 24 fatty acids were detected, including seven saturated fatty acids (SFAs), six mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and 11 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish muscle. The study found that highly polluted Catla catla fish had a higher percentage of SFA (60.339±0.032%), followed by less polluted (42.323±0.081%) and farmed fish (24.440±0.042%), respectively. The percentage content of MUFA highest value (22.315±0.049%) was noted in the tail muscle zone of Catla catla in the fish sample from the farm, and PUFAs were highest (54.244±0.385%) in the tail muscle zone of the less polluted site. In the case of MUFA, the lowest percentage of C22:1(n-9) was observed in the dorsal, ventricha, ventral, and tail muscle zones in descending order (0.030±0.016%, 0.030±0.016%, 0.070±0.016%, and 0.130±0.016%, respectively). In the case of PUFA, the minimum percentage of C20:5(n-3) was observed in the tail, ventral, ventricha, and dorsal muscle zones in descending order (0.130±0.016%, 0.230±0.016%, 0.430±0.016%, and 0.630±0.016%, respectively). Fish from highly polluted sites of Chenab River showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in fatty acid profile after being related to less polluted sites and farmed Catla catla. The findings of this study show that Catla catla contains high reserves of essential fatty acids, which provide a vital shield against coronary heart diseases.
Keywords: Catla catla; water quality parameters; heavy metals; fatty acid profile; Chenab River
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