Spatial Potential of Groundwater Recharge in Some Indonesian Rivers

Surendro Andi Wibowo, Lily Montarcih Limantara, Sri Wahyuni, Tri Budi Prayogo

Abstract

Groundwater plays a pivotal role in hydrological systems as it is stored in an underground layer and can naturally replenish rivers, lakes, or serve as a water source. Uncontrolled groundwater pumping due to increasing clean water demand poses a threat to sustainable groundwater. Therefore, groundwater recharge capacity must be continuously maintained or even increased. Groundwater is a component of the hydrological cycle, which is replenished naturally or artificially through the infiltration of surface water, such as rainfall, into a saturated aquifer. This process of recharge has the capacity to increase the flow of discharge into rivers or lakes. The capacity of groundwater recharge in an area must be known to support integrated groundwater management. This research investigates the spatial potential of groundwater recharge. There are several techniques or methods that can be selected for estimating groundwater recharge. One such method was developed by Iwaco. This approach incorporates the principle of water balance as applicable to urban regions, having evaluated the elements of population density and land use. The formulation comprises two equations, one for examining saturated groundwater recharge and the other for unsaturated groundwater recharge. In this research, we analyzed the groundwater recharge in five areas: WS Cidanau, Ciujung, Citanduy, Indragiri, Jeneberang, and Parigi Poso. The results show that WS Parigi Poso has the highest average groundwater recharge of 619 mm/year. This is due to WS Parigi having the highest proportion of unsaturated area, which amounts to 99.3% of the total area, and only 0.7% being saturated. WS Parigi Poso, with an average percentage of yearly rainfall of 25.2%, can become the potential of groundwater recharge. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the potential of groundwater recharge depends on rainfall, saturated and unsaturated areas, and population density. The larger rainfall amounts within the region result in an expansion of the area's unsaturated zone and a decrease in population density, leading to a higher likelihood of groundwater recharge in this region.

 

Keywords: groundwater, recharge, river area, water balance.

 

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.51.6.17


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