Seabed Sediment Classification through Multispectral Backscatter Mosaic MBES and Angular Response Analysis
Abstract
Classification of seabed sediments plays a significant role in managing coastal and marine areas. This study aims to classify seafloor sediments in shallow waters using a multispectral backscatter mosaic multibeam echo sounder (MBES) and angular response analysis (ARA), which is validated using in situ sediment data. This research was conducted in the coastal area of Gresik City, East Java, Indonesia, with a depth variation of 3.5–24.5 m. The data utilized consist of multifrequency MBES data collected on January 4, 2023, at frequencies of 400, 300, and 200 kHz. The backscatter data from each frequency is processed to become a backscatter mosaic and merged into a multispectral backscatter. Furthermore, the data were processed using the angular response analysis method to classify the seafloor sediments in the survey area. The classification results were tested using in situ sediment data from a van Veen grab sampler. Sample sediment results were classified based on grain size analysis using the sieving method to determine the sediment type. The results showed that the backscatter mosaic of each frequency and the backscatter multispectral mosaic did not differ visually. However, regarding the backscatter values, there is a difference of about ±1 dB between frequencies. The foreshore area (western part) and the area farthest from the foreshore (eastern part) show the hard layers identified by the light backscatter mosaic. The ARA classification results revealed six sediment classes in the survey area, which is different from the four types of sediment found in situ. Sediment classification using ARA demonstrated an accuracy rate of 51% for real sediment samples, with a kappa coefficient of 0.3, indicating a fair level of categorization. This implies that half of the expectation point rises to the real test point.
Keywords: seabed sediment, classification, backscatter, mosaic, multispectral backscatter, angular response analysis, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient.
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