Heat Transfer Enhancement and Pumping Power Characteristics of Fe2O3 and ZnO Nanofluids in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger

Azhar Hussain Shah, Waqar Ahmed, Liaquat Ali Memon, Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Ramzan Luhur, Qadir Buksh Jamali, Umair Ahmed Rajput

Abstract

Engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol constitute nanofluids (NFs). Typically, metals, oxides, carbides, and carbon nanotubes are the nanoparticles employed in NFs. NFs possess distinctive properties that offer potential advantages in various heat transfer applications, including fuel cells, hybrid-powered engines, microelectronics, and pharmaceutical processes. The convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity of NFs are higher than those of base fluids. This study delves into the potential performance in heat transfer rate and fluid flow characteristics, specifically pumping power, on a double-pipe heat exchanger using baseline water, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NFs at volume concentrations ranging from 0.10% to 0.175% under a flow regime of 1700 to 3400. In this study, the NF and hot fluid (hot oil) were moved in parallel- and counter-flow directions at flow rates of 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 (1.6×10-5 to 3.3×10-5 m3/sec) to determine the behavior of baseline water and NF when oil was heated at 60°C. The main purpose of this investigation is to determine the maximum heat transfer rate from hot oil to cold fluid using zinc oxide NF, iron oxide NF, and baseline water. In this study, maximum heat was transferred from hot oil to cold fluid at various flow rates for zinc oxide NF compared with iron oxide NF and baseline water. The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine the heat transfer rate and fluid flow characteristics, specifically focusing on pumping power, of a double-pipe heat exchanger, utilizing baseline water, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NFs in the heat exchanger, with a fixed inlet temperature of 60°C for the hydraulic oil. The enhancements in the heat transfer coefficient, the Reynolds number, friction factor, and pumping power were also investigated under laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, and pumping power of Fe2O3 and ZnO NFs are slightly greater than those of baseline water at volume concentrations of 0.100, 0.125, 0.150, and 0.175%. At any given volume concentration, the ZnO NF showed a higher heat transfer coefficient than Fe2O3 NF and baseline water because the thermal conductivity of the ZnO NF is higher than that of both fluids. However, pumping power is consumed more using Fe2O3 NF in both types of heat exchangers than other fluids because of its higher density. Based on this study, heat is transferred between hydraulic oil ISO VG 64 (hot fluid) and baseline water (cold fluid), while in previous studies, heat was supposed only transferred between hot and cold water due to their applications. This study also focuses on addressing the challenges encountered by large mechanical equipment bearings, such as overloading and overheating. To address these conditions, the oil was processed and directed toward a double-pipe heat exchanger to efficiently transfer its heat to Fe2O3 and ZnO NFs. The results suggest that the ZnO NF could function very well as a working fluid for industrial requirements compared with other NFs and conventional baseline water.

 

Keywords: heat transfer, heat exchanger, nanofluid, volume concentration, Fe2O3, ZnO.

 

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.51.4.6


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References


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