Phytoremediation Potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Berseem in Soil Irrigated with Industrial Wastewater

Sara Nawaz Khan, Muhammad Nafees, Muhammad Imtiaz

Abstract

This article describes a new idea about industrial pollution abatement through berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus Spp. as an accelerating agent. For this purpose, berseem plant was grown on soil irrigated with industrial wastewater in pots. Three cuttings of plants were obtained at different intervals. At each cut, plant biomass, plant height, and rate of mycorrhizal infection were recorded and plant tissues (roots, stems and leaves) were analyzed to determine the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn as indicators. The results showed that the biomass of the roots, stems, and leaves of the inoculated plants was higher than that of the un-inoculated plants. The height of inoculated plants was higher compared with that of uninoculated plants. The mycorrhizal infection rate was recorded highest at the third cut. Heavy metals in plants were within permissible limits for crops irrigated with wastewater) at each cutting. With inoculation, Zn and Cr concentrations in roots and leaves increased and Pb and Cd enhanced in roots but reduced in leaves as compared to un-inoculated plants, indicating that metals accumulated more in roots due to inoculation. The effectiveness can be confirmed by calculating the difference between the inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The new results showed that AMF inoculation promoted plant biomass and height, reduced metal transfer in leaves and stems, and to roots. This research confirmed that the procedure can be used for protecting plants from toxicity.

 

Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, heavy metals, biomass, mycorrhizal infection rate, berseem.

 

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.4.6


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