Improving the Corrosion Resistance of TNTZ in Hanks’ Solution after Thermomechanical Treatment

Sir Anderson, Jon Affi, Yuli Yetri, Mitsuo Niinomi, Toshikazu Akahori, Gunawarman

Abstract

Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) is a new titanium alloy potentially to be used as bone implant material because of its advantages in terms of strength, ductility, non-toxicity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Its mechanical properties are suitable for bone applications; however, there are still problems related to its corrosion behavior when used for a long time. Therefore, this research aims to determine the corrosion rate and types, and provide corrosion prevention by applying the thermomechanical treatment on TNTZ in Hanks’ solution. The limitation of this research was in not conducting the TNTZ biocompatibility tests. This research was conducted using the potentiodynamic polarization method in Hanks’ solution as the corrosive medium at a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6.8. Before corrosion testing, a TNTZ sample was treated with thermomechanical treatment combined with solution treatment at a temperature of 850°C and a holding time of 45 minutes, followed by rapid cooling (water quenching), and plastic deformation with deformation variations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and it was ended with aging heat treatment at a temperature of 300°C and holding time for 1 hour. The novelties of this research are the valid data of corrosion rate and type of TNTZ, which were unavailable before, and corrosion prevention through thermomechanical treatment of TNTZ in Hanks’ solution. The thermomechanical treatment is proved to reduce the pitting corrosion in TNTZ. The results show that thermomechanical treatment and increased plastic deformation can reduce the value of the corrosion rate, as evidenced by the pre-thermomechanical and thermomechanical TNTZ corrosion rates with deformation variations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, which were 5.522 x 10-4 mmpy; 2.754 x 10-4 mmpy; 2.290 x 10-4 mmpy; and 2.064 x 10-4 mmpy, respectively. TNTZ, after thermomechanical treatment, had the lowest corrosion rate, i.e., 2.064 x 10-4 mmpy, while Ti-6Al-7Nb had the highest one, i.e., 3.05 x10-2 mmpy. The type of TNTZ corrosion is pitting corrosion, as shown by the loss of zirconium that reduced the volume, causing pits to occur. Meanwhile, after thermomechanical treatment, pitting corrosion happened on TNTZ because of the loss or release of zirconium. This research shows that after thermomechanical treatment, TNTZ is the best material compared to other materials for biomedical applications based on corrosion resistance.

 

Keywords: titanium, TNTZ, corrosion, thermomechanics, deformation.

 

https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.11.12


Full Text:

PDF


References


WIDYASTUT. Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite as Bioceramic Material, Thesis, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 1-2, 2009.

http://scholar.unand.ac.id/36277/

LARSSON T F, MARTINEZ J M M, and VALLES J L. Biomaterials for Healthcare a Decade of Eu-Funded Research. Directorate-General for Research, Industrial technologies Unit G3 ‘Value – Added Materials. EUR 22817, 2007.

ASTM Handbook. Standard Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel-2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S31673). Ohio: ASTM International Vol. 3: 103-115, 2011.

UMARDHANI Y, & SUPRIHANTO A. Pengembangan Metode Peningkatan Kekerasan Baja Tahan Karat Aisi 316L Lewat Proses Nitridasi Gas Temperatur Tinggi, Rotasi, 2013, 15(1): 7-10.

https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/rotasi/article/view/4648

HAFIZI I, WIDJIJONO W, & SOESATYO M H N E. Penentuan konsentrasi stainless steel 316L dan kobalt kromium remanium GM-800 pada uji GPMT. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia, 2016, 2(3): 121.

https://journal.ugm.ac.id/mkgi/article/view/11386

ASTM Handbook. Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56401). Ohio: ASTM International Vol. 2: 67-89, 2011.

BOSE S, PATHAK L C, & SINGH R. Response of Boride Coating on the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy to Corrosion and Fretting Corrosion Behavior in Ringer’s Solution for Bio-Implant Application, Applied Surface Science, 2017, 433: 1158-1174. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433217328714

ROKHMANTO, F, SENOPATI G, SUTOWO C, et al. Perlakuan Termomekanikal Ingot Paduan Co-26Cr-6Mo-0,18N. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi, November 2016, 1–6. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnastek/article/view/2047

MACFUDZOH P A, AMIN M N, & PUTRI L S D. Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh sebagai Bahan Inhibitor Korosi pada Kawat Ortodonsi Berbahan Dasar Nikel-Titanium. Jurnal Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Jember, 2014: 1-6.

https://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/59393

GUNAWARMAN, NIINOMI M, EYLON D, et al. Effect of β Phase Stability at Room Temperature on Mechanical Properties in β Rich α+β Type Ti–4.5Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe Alloy. ISIJ International, 2002, 42(2): 191-199.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/isijinternational1989/42/2/42_2_191/_article/-char/ja/

NIINOMI M. Biologically and Mechanically Biocompatible Titanium Alloys, Special Issue on Advanced Light Metals and Processing in Asia. The Japan Institute of Light Metals, Materials Transactions, 2008, 49(10): 2170-2178. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/49/10/49_L-MRA2008828/_article/-char/ja/

MOHAMMED M T, KHAN Z A, & SIDDIQUEE A N. Beta Titanium Alloys: The Lowest Elastic Modulus for Biomedical Applications: A Review. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Chemical, Nuclear, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 2014, 8(8): 726-731.

NIINOMI, M, NAKAI, M, & HIEDA, J, Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Acta Biomaterialia, 2012, 8: 3888-3903. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1742706112002942

AKAHORI T, NIINOMI M, FUKUI H, & SUZUKI A. Fatigue, fretting fatigue and corrosion characteristics of biocompatible bet type titanium alloy conducted with various thermo-mechanical treatments. Materials Transactions, 2004, 45(5), 1540-1548. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans/45/5/45_5_1540/_article/-char/ja/

KARTHEGA M, RAHMAN V, & RAJENDRAN N. Influence of Potential on the Electrochemical Behavior of ß Titanium Alloys in Hank’s Solution, Elsevier, Acta Biomaterialia, 2007, 3: 1019-1023. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1742706107000323

RAHMAN V, NAGARAJAN S, & RAJENDRAN N. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Characterization of Passive Film Formed Over ß Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4,6Zr Alloy, Elsevier, Electrochemistry Communications, 2006, 8: 1309-1314.

GUNAWARMAN J A, REFIESKA A, ILHAMDI, et al. Corrosion behavior of new beta type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy in simulated body fluid solution, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2016. 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.01060

SIR ANDERSON, AMIN A S P, AFFI J, et al. Corrosion Characteristics of Titanium TNTZ And Ti-6Al-4V ELI in Artificial Saliva Solution at Human Body Temperature. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2021, 10(04): 240-245.

REZA ASGARI BIDHENDI H, & POURANVARI M. Corrosion Study of Metallic Biomaterials in Simulated Body Fluid. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 2011, 17(1): 13-22. https://doi.org/10.30544/384

SIR ANDERSON, ANNISA, AFFI J, et al. The Effect of Aging Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Ti-12Cr in Ortodontic Applications. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 846: 012066. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/846/1/012066/meta

MOTYKA M, & SIENIAWSKI J. The influence of initial plastic deformation on microstructure and hot plasticity of α+β titanium alloys. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2010, 41(2): 95-103. http://www.amse.acmsse.h2.pl/vol41_2/4124.pdf

SIR ANDERSON, FERNANDO E, AFFI J, et al. Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Titanium Alloy Ti-6AL-4V ELI for Orthopedic Applications. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering, and Informational Technology, 2021, 11(6): 2271-2278.

SIR ANDERSON, AL-BAYUMMY T A, AFFI J, et al. Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance and Potential for Metal Ion Release of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) after Thermomechanical. Materials Science Forum, 2022, 1057: 176-188. https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1057.176

NIINOMI M, AKAHORI T, SHIGEKI KATSURA S, et al. Mechanical characteristics and microstructure of drawn wire of Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr for biomedical applications. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2007, 27(1), 154-161. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493106000580

NAKAI M, NIINOMI M, & ONEDA T. Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Biomedical β-type Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr Alloy While Maintaining Low Young’s Modulus Through Optimizing ω-Phase Precipitation, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2012, 43: 294–302.

BOYER R, WELSCH G, and COLLINGS E W. Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys. ASM International, 1994: 65–74.

TAMILSELVI S, RAMAN V, & RAJENDRAN N. Corrosion Behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloys in the Simulated Body Solution by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 52: 839-846. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468606006888

TALHA M, BEHERA C K, & SINHA O P. Potentiodynamic polarization study of Type 316L and 316LVM stainless steels for surgical implants in simulated body fluids. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4: 203-208.

HANAWA T. Metal ion release from metal implants, Materials Science and Engineering C, 2004, 24, 745-52, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493104000906

RUSSEL W, and SIMON B. Fatigue of Beta Processed and Beta Heat Treated Titanium Alloy. 2012.

DONACHIE M J. Heat Treating Titanium and Its Alloys. Heat Treating Progress, 2001.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X18307333

CALLISTER JR W D, & RETHWISCH D G. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10th Edition, 2018. https://www.mse.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/EMA-6001-F19-Syllabus_Basim.pdf

BOCCHETTA P, CHEN L-Y, TARDELLI J D C, et al. Passive Layers and Corrosion Resistance of Biomedical Ti-6Al-4V and β-Ti Alloys. Coatings MDPI, 2021, 11: 487. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/5/487


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.