Feasibility of Integration of Cattle with Oil Palm Crops at Industry and Farmer Level
Abstract
This study analyzes the feasibility of the market, technical and technological, financial and social integration of the system at the industrial and farmer levels. The market aspect can be seen in the market potential in absorbing integrated products, technical and technological aspects refer to the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 46/Permentan/PK.210/8/2015, and financial feasibility using investment criteria analysis and social feasibility including the response of the surrounding community. The driving factor for implementing the integration system for cattle and oil palm plantations at the industrial level is the benefits of integration, while the inhibiting factor is that the company still finds doubts about the negative impact of organic fertilizer on oil palm plantations. At the farmer level, the driving factor is the profit gained from integration, while the inhibiting factor is the limited market for selling organic fertilizer. Market and marketing, technical and technological, financial and social feasibility at the industrial level is feasible and not sensitive to changes in input-output, while at the farm level is feasible except for market aspects and sensitive to changes in prices and output volumes (compost). The novelty of this research is the driving and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the integration of cattle with oil palm plantations at the industrial and farmer level, and the comparison of aspects of the feasibility of integrating cattle with oil palm plantations between industrial and farmer.
Keywords: cattle integration system, oil palm plantation, farmers.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
HAI L.T., LE T.N., TRAN Q.B., TRA V.T., NGUYEN T.P.T., NGUYEN X.C., SCHNITZER H., BRAUNEGG G., LE S., HOANG C.T., LAM S.S., NGUYEN V.H., PENG W., KIM S.Y., and LE Q.V. Integrated farming system producing zero emissions and sustainable livelihood for small-scale cattle farms: Case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 265: 114853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114853
AHMED F., HASAN S., RANA M.S., and SHARMIN N. A conceptual framework for zero waste management in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04127-6
CRISTINA G., CAMELIN E., PUGLIESE M., TOMMASI T., and FINO D. Evaluation of anaerobic digestates from sewage sludge as a potential solution for improvement of soil fertility. Waste Management, 2019, 99: 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.018
KOUL B., YAKOOB M., and SHAH M. P. Agricultural waste management strategies for environmental sustainability. Environmental Research, 2022, 206: 112285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112285
BRACCO S., CALICIOGLU O., JUAN M.G.S., and FLAMMINI A. Assessing the Contribution of the Bioeconomy to the Total Economy: A Review of National Frameworks. Sustainability, 2018, 10: 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061698
TOHIRAN K. A., NOBILLY F., ZULKIFLI R., ASHTON-BUTT A., and AZHAR B. Cattle-grazing in oil palm plantations sustainably controls understory vegetation. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019, 278: 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.03.021
AZHAR B., NOBILLY F., LECHNER A. M., TOHIRAN K. A., MAXWELL T. M. R., ZULKIFLI R., KAMEL M.F., and OON A. Mitigating the risks of indirect land use change (ILUC) related deforestation from industrial palm oil expansion by sharing land access with displaced crop and cattle farmers. Land Use Policy, 2021, 107: 105498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105498
AZHAR B., SAADUN N., PRIDEAUX M., and LINDENMAYER D. B. The global palm oil sector must change to save biodiversity and improve food security in the tropics. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 203: 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.021
METTAUER R., BARON V., TURINAH, DEMITRIA P., SMIT H., ALAMSYAH Z., PENOT E., BESSOU C., CHAMBON B., OLLIVIER J., and THOUMAZEAU A. Investigating the links between management practices and economic performances of smallholders’ oil palm plots. A case study in Jambi province, Indonesia. Agricultural Systems, 2021, 194: 103274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103274
HUTABARAT S., SLINGERLAND M., and DRIES L. Explaining the ‘‘Certification Gap’’ for Different Types of Oil Palm Smallholders in Riau Province, Indonesia. Journal of Environment & Development, 2019, 28(3): 253–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496519854505
EULER M., HOFFMANN M. P., FATHONI Z., and SCHWARZE S. Exploring yield gaps in smallholder oil palm production systems in eastern Sumatra, Indonesia. Agricultural Systems, 2016 146: 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.04.007
RAHARJA S., MARIMIN, MACHFUD, PAPILO P., SAFRIYANA, MASSIJAYA M. Y. and DARMAWAN M. A. Institutional strengthening model of oil palm independent smallholder in Riau and Jambi Provinces, Indonesia. Heliyon, 2020, 6: e03875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03875
KHATIWADA D., PALMEN C., and SILVEIRA S. Evaluating the palm oil demand in Indonesia: production trends, yields, and emerging issues. Biofuels, 2018, 12(2): 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2018.1461520
WOITTIEZ L. S., VAN WIJK M. T., SLINGERLAND M., VAN NOORDWIJK M., and GILLER K. E. Yield gaps in oil palm: a quantitative review of contributing factors. European Journal of Agronomy, 2017, 83: 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.002
RAMADHAN A., ARYMURTHY A. M., SENSUSE D. I., and MULADNO. Modeling e-Livestock Indonesia. Heliyon, 2021, 7: e07754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07754
RUSTINSYAH. The significance of social relations in rural development: A case study of a beef-cattle farmer group in Indonesia. Journal of Cooperative Organization and Management, 2019, 7: 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcom.2019.100088
ASHRAF M., ZULKIflI, R., SANUSI, R., TOHIRAN K.A., TERHEM, R., MOSLIM, R., NORHISHAM, A.R., ASHTON-BUTT, A., and AZHAR B. Alley-cropping system can boost arthropod biodiversity and ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2018, 260: 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.03.017
TOHIRAN K. A., NOBILLY F., ZULKIFLI R., MAXWELL T., MOSLIM R., and AZHAR B. Targeted cattle grazing as an alternative to herbicides for controlling weeds in bird-friendly oil palm plantations. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2017, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0471-5
BREMER J. A., LOBRY DE BRUYN L. A., SMITH R. G. B., and COWLEY F. C. Knowns and unknowns of cattle grazing in oil palm plantations. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2022, 42: 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-021-00723-x
TSOROCHIDOU E. A., and THOMSEN M. Modeling the quality of organic fertilizers from anaerobic digestion. Comparison of two collection systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 304: 127081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127081
JIANG Y., LI K., CHEN S., FU X., FENG S., and ZHUANG Z. A sustainable agricultural supply chain considering substituting organic manure for chemical fertilizer. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2022, 29: 432–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.10.025
KERSTENS S. M., PRIYANKA A., VAN DIJK K. C., DE RUIJTER F. J., LEUSBROCK I., and ZEEMAN G. Potential demand for recoverable resources from Indonesian wastewater and solid waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2016, 110: 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.002
THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE OF INDONESIA. Regulation Number 46/Permentan/PK.210/8/2015. Agriculture Ministry of Republic Indonesia, 2015. https://legalcentric.com/content/view/101165
ZHANG T., HOU Y., MENG T., MA Y., TAN M. X., ZHANG F. S., and OENEMA O. Replacing synthetic fertilizer by manure requires adjusted technology and incentives: A farm survey across China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 2021, 168: 105301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105301
ZHANG T., MENG T., HOU Y., HUANG X., and OENEMA O. Which policy is preferred by crop farmers when replacing synthetic fertilizers by manure? A choice experiment in China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 2022, 180: 106176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106176
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
